Heat exchange unit

ABSTRACT

A heat exchange unit is provided with which, even if a flammable refrigerant is used, the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching an electric component unit is reduced. An outdoor unit (20) constitutes a portion of an air-conditioning apparatus (1), and is connected to an indoor unit (30) via a liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe (6) and a gas-side refrigerant connection pipe (5). The outdoor unit (20) includes an outdoor housing (50), an outdoor heat exchanger (23) disposed inside the outdoor housing (50) and in which a refrigerant flows, a liquid-side shutoff valve (29) connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe (6), a gas-side shutoff valve (28) connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe (5), and an outdoor electric component unit (8) disposed inside the outdoor housing (50). The refrigerant is a flammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene. When the outdoor unit (20) is in its installed state, the lower end of the outdoor electric component unit (8) is positioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve (29) and the gas-side shutoff valve (28).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a heat exchange unit.

BACKGROUND ART

R410A is a refrigerant frequently used in conventional heat cyclesystems such as air-conditioning apparatuses. R410A is a two-componentmixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32 or R32) andpentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125 or R125), and is a near-azeotropiccomposition.

Unfortunately, R410A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 2088. Dueto the growing concern over global warming in recent yrs, it is becomingincreasingly common to use R32 having a lower GWP of 675.

Accordingly, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No.2015/141678) proposes various low GWP refrigerant mixtures that canpotentially replace R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

However, some of such low GWP refrigerants are flammable. Accordingly,it is preferable to employ a layout structure that, even if a flammablerefrigerant leaks, reduces the likelihood of the leaked refrigerantreaching the vicinity of electric components.

The present disclosure has been made in view of the above, andaccordingly it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a heatexchange unit with which, even if a flammable refrigerant containing atleast 1,2-difluoroethylene is used, the likelihood of the refrigerantreaching electric components is reduced.

Solution to Problem

A heat exchange unit according to a first aspect is a heat exchange unitthat constitutes a portion of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, andincludes a housing, a heat exchanger, a pipe connection part, and anelectric component unit. The heat exchange unit is one of a service-sideunit and a heat source-side unit. The service-side unit and the heatsource-side unit are connected to each other via a connection pipe. Theheat exchanger is disposed inside the housing. A refrigerant flows inthe heat exchanger. The pipe connection part is connected to theconnection pipe. The electric component unit is disposed inside thehousing. The refrigerant is a refrigerant mixture containing at least1,2-difluoroethylene, and is a flammable refrigerant. When the heatexchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end of the electriccomponent unit is positioned above the pipe connection part.

As used herein, the term flammable refrigerant means a refrigerant witha flammability classification of “class 2L” or higher under the USANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 standard.

Although not particularly limited, a pipe connection part may be aconnection part connected, either directly or indirectly via anotherelement, to a refrigerant pipe extending from a heat exchanger.

The type of the electric component unit is not particularly limited. Theelectronic component unit may be an electric component box accommodatinga plurality of electric components, or may be a substrate provided witha plurality of electric components.

When the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, the lower end ofthe electric component unit is positioned above the pipe connectionpart. Therefore, even if a flammable refrigerant containing1,2-difluoroethylene leaks from the pipe connection part, the flammablerefrigerant is unlikely to reach the electric component unit because1,2-difluoroethylene is heavier than air.

A heat exchange unit according to a second aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene(R1234yf).

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) and a coefficient ofperformance (COP) similar to those of R410A, while at the same timereducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electriccomponent unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a third aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OAthat connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fourth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B,

BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsIA, BD, and CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and the linesegments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C,and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C,and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD and CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventh aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TPthat connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), andpoint T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentBF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP

that connect the following 4 points:point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), andpoint R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a ninth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the second aspect, wherein,

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS thatconnect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), andpoint T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,−0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A heat exchange unit according to a tenth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) andtrifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or morebased on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and arefrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacityin some cases) similar to those of R410A, and being classified withlower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard,while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerantreaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to an eleventh aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a coefficient of performance (COP) and arefrigeration capacity (also referred to as cooling capacity or capacityin some cases) similar to those of R410A, and being classified withlower flammability (class 2L) according to the American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard,while at the same time reducing the likelihood of the refrigerantreaching the electric component unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twelfth aspect is the heat exchangeunit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, anda,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), andpoint C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I,point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W).

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) and a coefficient ofperformance (COP) similar to those of R410A, while at the same timereducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electriccomponent unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a thirteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, anda,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9,−0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), andpoint C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B,point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702,−0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W).

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) and a coefficient ofperformance (COP) similar to those of R410A, while at the same timereducing the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electriccomponent unit in the event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a fourteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A,and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to theAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing thelikelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit inthe event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a fifteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connectthe following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), andpoint G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A,and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to theAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing thelikelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit inthe event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a sixteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A,and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to theAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing thelikelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit inthe event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a seventeenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connectthe following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), andpoint K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A,and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to theAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing thelikelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit inthe event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to an eighteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), andpoint T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, a refrigeration capacity (also referred to ascooling capacity or capacity in some cases) similar to that of R410A,and being classified with lower flammability (class 2L) according to theAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) standard, while at the same time reducing thelikelihood of the refrigerant reaching the electric component unit inthe event of its leak.

A heat exchange unit according to a nineteenth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (UFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI thatconnect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GI); the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twentieth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0,−0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty first aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM thatconnect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty second aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty third aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), andpoint T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

A heat exchange unit according to a twenty fourth aspect is the heatexchange unit according to the first aspect, wherein,

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), andpoint U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentB″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

The heat exchange unit configured as described above makes it possibleto use a refrigerant that combines performance characteristics such as asufficiently low GWP, and a coefficient of performance (COP) similar tothat of R410A, while at the same time reducing the likelihood of therefrigerant reaching the electric component unit in the event of itsleak.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammabilitytest.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connectthese points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, andline segments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of UFO-1132(E), UFO-1123, andR1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and linesegments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connectthe points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuitin accordance with a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycleapparatus in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit inaccordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic internalstructure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit inaccordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic side view of the indoor unit in accordance withthe first embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the schematic internalstructure of the indoor unit in accordance with the first embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic exterior front view of an indoor unit inaccordance with Modification B of the first embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic front view illustrating the internal structure ofan indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of the firstembodiment.

FIG. 25 is a schematic side view illustrating the schematic internalstructure of the indoor unit in accordance with Modification B of thefirst embodiment.

FIG. 26 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuitin accordance with a second embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycleapparatus in accordance with the second embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view illustrating the schematic configurationof an outdoor unit (with its front panel removed) in accordance with thesecond embodiment.

FIG. 29 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuitin accordance with a third embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycleapparatus in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a schematic exterior perspective view of an outdoor unit inaccordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the schematicinternal structure of the outdoor unit in accordance with the thirdembodiment.

FIG. 33 is a plan view illustrating the schematic internal structure ofthe outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a front view illustrating the schematic internal structure ofthe outdoor unit in accordance with the third embodiment.

FIG. 35 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuitand a water circuit in accordance with a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a schematic control block diagram of a refrigeration cycleapparatus in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 37 illustrates the schematic structure of a cold/hot water supplyunit in accordance with the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 38 illustrates the schematic configuration of a refrigerant circuitand a water circuit in accordance with Modification A of the fourthembodiment.

FIG. 39 illustrates the schematic configuration of a hot water storageapparatus in accordance with Modification A of the fourth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS (1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at leastcompounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization forStandardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAEnumber) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning;and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent tothose of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yetgiven. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds andnon-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds.Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC),hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270),butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717),and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising arefrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including amixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises othercomponents and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil toobtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a workingfluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In thepresent specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2)is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish itfrom a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referredto as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as todistinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in acontext in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the secondrefrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipmentdesigned for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated usingthe second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changesof only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil,gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipmentadjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the sameequipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments ofthis type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearlydrop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extentof changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerantwith the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,”which means that equipment designed for operation using the secondrefrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with thefirst refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type ofalternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternativerefrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers tomachines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make itstemperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain alow temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer toconversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, andthat perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where thetemperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lowerflammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case offormulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s orless according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in thepresent specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability”means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the mostflammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation forflammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage testduring storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammabilityclassification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 isdetermined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % ormore” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit(RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the airin consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing therisk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed spacewhere humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with theASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentrationamong the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivationlimit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which arerespectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolutevalue of the difference between the initial temperature and the endtemperature in the phase change process of a composition containing therefrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of arefrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant (2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B,refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of theserefrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferablyused as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for useas an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407Cand R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosurecomprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure,and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according tothe present disclosure can be further mixed with at least arefrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigeratingmachine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure furthercomprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerantaccording to the present disclosure. The refrigerant compositionaccording to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of thefollowing other components, if necessary. As described above, when therefrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as aworking fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as amixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferablethat the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosuredoes not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, inthe refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, thecontent of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerantcomposition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycontain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerantcomposition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entirerefrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerantcomposition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturatedfluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makesit less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will beoxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to thepresent disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when therefrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergoneother changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonlyused tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurityinevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure isselected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons,perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinatedcompounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Thetracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, ahydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, ahydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at atotal concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerantcomposition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm,and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a totalconcentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or moreultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitablyselected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide,coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene,naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultravioletfluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide orcoumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected fromcommonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such asnitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such asnitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine anddiphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene andbenzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content ofthe stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or morepolymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitablyselected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol,hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally,the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass%, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entirerefrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant compositionaccording to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use asa working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, therefrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in acompressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or therefrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluidgenerally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected fromcommonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils thatare superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with themixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitablyselected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, atleast one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneglycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to thebase oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from thegroup consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acidscavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oilagents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C.is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive.Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or morecompatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selectedfrom commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycolethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizingagent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used inthe present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A,refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is eachindependent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, thenumber of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are allindependent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B,the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. Forexample, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the firstembodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from eachother.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene(R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that areequivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a compositioncomprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprisingHFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. Thisrefrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternativerefrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and acoefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and asufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OAthat connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on theirsum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably arefrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagramin which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % arewithin a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′,C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A accordingto the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lowerflammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has aburning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B,BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A accordingto the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCFcomposition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/sor less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B,

BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), andpoint (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF,FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), andpoint T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentBF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), andpoint R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has acondensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), andpoint T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,−0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more furthermore, the refrigerant has adischarge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od,dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), andpoint o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O andh);

the line segment dg is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates(−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or morerelative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on theirsum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), andpoint i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) oron the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);

the line segment lg is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692,0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or morerelative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);

the line segment de is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates(−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and

the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or morerelative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), andpoint i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);

the line segment le is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates(−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or morerelative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of

HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the line segments Oa, ab, and be (excluding the points O and c);

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates(0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment be is represented by coordinates(−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative tothat of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments kb, bj, and jk that connect the following 3 points:

point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), andpoint j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

the line segment kb is represented by coordinates(0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates(−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further compriseother additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurepreferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, andstill more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may compriseHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % ormore, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widelyselected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant,or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited tothe Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerantR410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions eachcomprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL ofHFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, andthe LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAEStandard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.Condensation temperature: 45° C.Degree of superheating: 5 KDegree of subcooling: 5 KCompressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Example 2 ExampleEx. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A′ 3 B HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.649.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yfmass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP — 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio %(relative to 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio 410A)Condensation ° C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge %(relative to 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure 410A) RCL g/m³— 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6

TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex. 5 Example 5 ExampleEx. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C′ 6 D E E′ F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.926.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.180.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio % 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 95.0 95.095.0 (relative to 410A) Refrigerating % 107.4 105.2 102.9 100.5 97.9105.0 92.5 86.9 capacity ratio (relative to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.160.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % 119.5 117.4 115.3113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure (relative to 410A) RCL g/m³ 53.557.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0

TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12Item Unit J P L N N′ K HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.015.1 27.3 33.3 GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 93.8 95.0 96.197.9 99.1 99.5 410A) Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 106.2 104.1101.6 95.0 88.2 85.0 ratio 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 0.31 0.57 0.811.41 2.11 2.51 Discharge pressure % (relative to 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.091.2 87.7 410A) RCL g/m³ 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7

TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 13 14 1516 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S′ T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.849.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP — 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COPratio % (relative 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacityratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.552.07 Discharge pressure % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0105.0 to 410A) RCL g/m³ 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4 50.8

TABLE 5 Comp. Ex. Example Example 10 20 21 Item Unit G H I HFO-1132(E)mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.014.0 28.0 GWP — 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.6 98.2 99.9 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 95.1 86.6 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 0.46 1.27 1.71 glide Discharge % (relative 108.4 98.788.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 37.4 37.0 36.6

TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.035.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.998.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3102.0 100.6 99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.40 0.460.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1 118.7116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 71.0 61.954.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1

TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.040.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.020.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.598.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.599.2 97.8 96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.87 0.94 1.031.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7 115.2 113.2110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 70.5 61.6 54.649.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0

TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.040.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.015.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.199.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.494.9 93.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.621.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6 109.6 107.2104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 70.0 61.2 54.4 48.944.4 40.7 37.5 34.8

TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yfmass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio% (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating %(relative 97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge %(relative 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCLg/m³ 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4

TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio %(relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1 97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating %(relative 94.8 94.5 93.8 92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge %(relative 105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCLg/m³ 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3

TABLE 11 Example Example Example Example Example Example Item Unit 53 5455 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 HFO-1123mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.030.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 94.3 95.0 95.9 96.897.8 98.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.9 88.787.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 3.46 3.43 3.35 3.182.90 2.47 Discharg epressure % (relative 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.3 90.6to 410A) RCL g/m³ 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.2 43.9 40.2

TABLE 12 Example Example Example Example Example Comp. Item Unit 59 6061 62 63 Ex. 18 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0HFO-1123 mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 35.0 35.035.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.896.6 97.5 98.5 99.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.9 88.5 87.886.8 85.6 84.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 4.24 4.153.96 3.67 3.24 2.64 Discharge pressure % (relative 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.089.5 86.8 to 410A) RCL g/m³ 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.0 43.7 40.1

TABLE 13 Example Example Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 64 65 Ex. 19 Ex. 20Ex. 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.040.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 2 2 22 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to410A) Condensation ° C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge %(relative 93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 67.8 59.553.0 47.8 43.5

TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.052.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.035.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 COP ratio % (relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.930.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5 109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.943.1 42.4 41.6

TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.060.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.032.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP — 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.097.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.95 0.95 1.18 1.34 1.331.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7 104.9 104.4 103.8103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.840.1 43.6 42.9

TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.050.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123 mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.028.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP — 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.696.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.72 1.721.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9 102.3 104.3 103.8103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.443.6 42.8 42.1

TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.046.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.030.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP — 1 1 22 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.995.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.65 1.63 1.93 1.92 1.921.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9 104.5 103.9 103.4102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.045.1 44.3 43.5

TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.058.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.042.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.195.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.696.3 96.1 95.7 95.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.86 1.831.80 1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.7 42.041.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8

TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.052.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.022.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.297.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.294.0 93.7 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.11 2.092.05 2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.9 45.043.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6

TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 38.0 40.0  42.0  44.0  46.0  48.0  50.0  52.0  HFO-1123 mass % 40.0  38.0 36.0  34.0  32.0  30.0  28.0  26.0  R1234yf mass % 22.0  22.0  22.0 22.0  22.0  22.0  22.0  22.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 95.5  95.7  95.9  96.1  96.4  96.6  96.8  97.0  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9  94.7  94.5  94.3  94.0  93.8 93.6  93.3  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.36  2.35  2.33 2.32  2.30  2.27  2.25  2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5  102.0 101.5  101.0  100.4  99.9  99.4  98.8  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 49.6 48.6  47.6  46.7  45.8  45.0  44.1  43.4 

TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 54.0 56.0  58.0  60.0  32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  HFO-1123 mass % 24.0  22.0 20.0  18.0  44.0  42.0  40.0  38.0  R1234yf mass % 22.0  22.0  22.0 22.0  24.0  24.0  24.0  24.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 97.2  97.4  97.6  97.9  95.2  95.4  95.6  95.8  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.0  92.8  92.5  92.2  94.3  94.1 93.9  93.7  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.18  2.14  2.09 2.04  2.61  2.60  2.59  2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2  97.7 97.1  96.5  102.4  101.9  101.5  101.0  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.6 41.9  41.2  40.5  52.7  51.6  50.5  49.5 

TABLE 22 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 40.0 42.0  44.0  46.0  48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  HFO-1123 mass % 36.0  34.0 32.0  30.0  28.0  26.0  24.0  22.0  R1234yf mass % 24.0  24.0  24.0 24.0  24.0  24.0  24.0  24.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 96.0  96.2  96.4  96.6  96.8  97.0  97.2  97.5  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.5  93.3  93.1  92.8  92.6  92.4 92.1  91.8  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.56  2.54  2.51 2.49  2.45  2.42  2.38  2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5  100.0 99.5  98.9  98.4  97.9  97.3  96.8  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.5 47.5  46.6  45.7  44.9  44.1  43.3  42.5 

TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 56.0 58.0  60.0  30.0  32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  HFO-1123 mass % 20.0  18.0 16.0  44.0  42.0  40.0  38.0  36.0  R1234yf mass % 24.0  24.0  24.0 26.0  26.0  26.0  26.0  26.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 97.7  97.9  98.1  95.3  95.5  95.7  95.9  96.1  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.6  91.3  91.0  93.2  93.1  92.9 92.7  92.5  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.28  2.22  2.16 2.86  2.85  2.83  2.81  2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2  95.6 95.1  101.3  100.8  100.4  99.9  99.4  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.8 41.1  40.4  53.7  52.6  51.5  50.4  49.4 

TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 40.0 42.0  44.0  46.0  48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  HFO-1123 mass % 34.0  32.0 30.0  28.0  26.0  24.0  22.0  20.0  R1234yf mass % 26.0  26.0  26.0 26.0  26.0  26.0  26.0  26.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 96.3  96.5  96.7  96.9  97.1  97.3  97.5  97.7  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3  92.1  91.9  91.6  91.4  91.2 90.9  90.6  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.77  2.74  2.71 2.67  2.63  2.59  2.53  2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0  98.5 97.9  97.4  96.9  96.4  95.8  95.3  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.4 47.4  46.5  45.7  44.8  44.0  43.2  42.5 

TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 56.0 58.0  60.0  30.0  32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  HFO-1123 mass % 18.0  16.0 14.0  42.0  40.0  38.0  36.0  34.0  R1234yf mass % 26.0  26.0  26.0 28.0  28.0  28.0  28.0  28.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 97.9  98.2  98.4  95.6  95.8  96.0  96.2  96.3  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.3  90.1  89.8  92.1  91.9  91.7 91.5  91.3  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.42  2.35  2.27 3.10  3.09  3.06  3.04  3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7  94.1 93.6  99.7  99.3  98.8  98.4  97.9  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.7 41.0  40.3  53.6  52.5  51.4  50.3  49.3 

TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 40.0 42.0  44.0  46.0  48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  HFO-1123 mass % 32.0  30.0 28.0  26.0  24.0  22.0  20.0  18.0  R1234yf mass % 28.0  28.0  28.0 28.0  28.0  28.0  28.0  28.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 96.5  96.7  96.9  97.2  97.4  97.6  97.8  98.0  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1  90.9  90.7  90.4  90.2  89.9 89.7  89.4  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.98  2.94  2.90 2.85  2.80  2.75  2.68  2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4  96.9 96.4  95.9  95.4  94.9  94.3  93.8  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.3 47.4  46.4  45.6  44.7  43.9  43.1  42.4 

TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 56.0 58.0  60.0  32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  42.0  HFO-1123 mass % 16.0  14.0 12.0  38.0  36.0  34.0  32.0  28.0  R1234yf mass % 28.0  28.0  28.0 30.0  30.0  30.0  30.0  30.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 98.2  98.4  98.6  96.1  96.2  96.4  96.6  97.0  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.1  88.8  88.5  90.7  90.5  90.3 90.1  89.7  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  2.54  2.46  2.38 3.32  3.30  3.26  3.22  3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2  92.6 92.1  97.7  97.3  96.8  96.4  95.4  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.7 41.0  40.3  52.4  51.3  50.2  49.2  47.3 

TABLE 28 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 44.0 46.0  48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  56.0  58.0  HFO-1123 mass % 26.0  24.0 22.0  20.0  18.0  16.0  14.0  12.0  R1234yf mass % 30.0  30.0  30.0 30.0  30.0  30.0  30.0  30.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 97.2  97.4  97.6  97.8  98.0  98.3  98.5  98.7  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.4  89.2  89.0  88.7  88.4  88.2 87.9  87.6  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.08  3.03  2.97 2.90  2.83  2.75  2.66  2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9  94.4 93.9  93.3  92.8  92.3  91.7  91.1  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 46.4 45.5  44.7  43.9  43.1  42.3  41.6  40.9 

TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 30.0 32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  40.0  42.0  44.0  HFO-1123 mass % 38.0  36.0 34.0  32.0  30.0  28.0  26.0  24.0  R1234yf mass % 32.0  32.0  32.0 32.0  32.0  32.0  32.0  32.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 96.2  96.3  96.5  96.7  96.9  97.1  97.3  97.5  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.6  89.5  89.3  89.1  88.9  88.7 88.4  88.2  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.60  3.56  3.52 3.48  3.43  3.38  3.33  3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6  96.2 95.7  95.3  94.8  94.3  93.9  93.4  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 53.4 52.3  51.2  50.1  49.1  48.1  47.2  46.3 

TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 46.0 48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  56.0  58.0  60.0  HFO-1123 mass % 22.0  20.0 18.0  16.0  14.0  12.0  10.0  8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0  32.0  32.0  32.0 32.0  32.0  32.0  32.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COP ratio% (relative 97.7  97.9  98.1  98.3  98.5  98.7  98.9  99.2  to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 88.0  87.7  87.5  87.2  86.9  86.6  86.3 86.0  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.20  3.12  3.04  2.96 2.87  2.77  2.66  2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8  92.3  91.8 91.3  90.7  90.2  89.6  89.1  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.4  44.6 43.8  43.0  42.3  41.5  40.8  40.2 

TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 30.0 32.0  34.0  36.0  38.0  40.0  42.0  44.0  HFO-1123 mass % 36.0  34.0 32.0  30.0  28.0  26.0  24.0  22.0  R1234yf mass % 34.0  34.0  34.0 34.0  34.0  34.0  34.0  34.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 96.5  96.6  96.8  97.0  97.2  97.4  97.6  97.8  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.4  88.2  88.0  87.8  87.6  87.4 87.2  87.0  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.84  3.80  3.75 3.70  3.64  3.58  3.51  3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0  94.6 94.2  93.7  93.3  92.8  92.3  91.8  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 53.3 52.2  51.1  50.0  49.0  48.0  47.1  46.2 

TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 46.0 48.0  50.0  52.0  54.0  30.0  32.0  34.0  HFO-1123 mass % 20.0  18.0 16.0  14.0  12.0  34.0  32.0  30.0  R1234yf mass % 34.0  34.0  34.0 34.0  34.0  36.0  36.0  36.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 98.0  98.2  98.4  98.6  98.8  96.8  96.9  97.1  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.7  86.5  86.2  85.9  85.6  87.2 87.0  86.8  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.36  3.27  3.18 3.08  2.97  4.08  4.03  3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3  90.8 90.3  89.7  89.2  93.4  93.0  92.6  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.3 44.5  43.7  42.9  42.2  53.2  52.1  51.0 

TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 36.0 38.0  40.0  42.0  44.0  46.0  30.0  32.0  HFO-1123 mass % 28.0  26.0 24.0  22.0  20.0  18.0  32.0  30.0  R1234yf mass % 36.0  36.0  36.0 36.0  36.0  36.0  38.0  38.0  GWP — 2   2   2   2   2   2   2   2   COPratio % (relative 97.3  97.5  97.7  97.9  98.1  98.3  97.1  97.2  to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6  86.4  86.2  85.9  85.7  85.5 85.9  85.7  capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.  3.91  3.84  3.76 3.68  3.60  3.50  4.32  4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1  91.7 91.2  90.7  90.3  89.8  91.9  91.4  pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 49.9 48.9  47.9  47.0  46.1  45.3  53.1  52.0 

TABLE 34 Example Example Item Unit 226 227 HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 COP ratio %(relative 97.4 97.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.6 85.3capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation glide ° C. 4.18 4.11 Discharge %(relative 91.0 90.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 50.9 49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect thefollowing 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCO);the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), andthe line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by theleast square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE,EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) andpoint O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), andthe line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), andthe line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines,the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, bythe least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, bythe least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a linesegment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, andthe point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates(x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1,31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of40 g/m³ or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connectinga point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, thepoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the linesegment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3,7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has atemperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connectinga point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, thepoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the linesegment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9,19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has adischarge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, andsuppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, thecomposition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixedformulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured accordingto the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to asample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenonlamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimatinglens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerantsused had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating acycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air wereobserved on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by theclosed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignitionwas performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes inthe center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. Thespread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. Acylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equippedwith two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of theflame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rateof 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration asthe initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NISTStandard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0 Burning velocity (WCF)cm/s 10 10 10

TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N′ K WCF HFO- mass % 47.1  55.8  63.1  68.6 65.0  61.3  1132 (E) HFO- mass % 52.9  42.0  31.9  16.3  7.7 5.4 1123R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.0 15.1  27.3  33.3  Leak condition Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ that results ShippingShipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping, in WCFF −40° C. −40° C.−40° C. −40° C. −40° C. −40° C. 92% 90% 90% 66% 12% 0% release, release,release, release, release, release, liquid liquid gas gas gas gas phasephase phase phase phase phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-mass % 72.0  72.0  72.0  72.0  72.0  72.0  1132 (E) HFO- mass % 28.0 17.8  17.4  13.6  12.3  9.8  1123 R1234yf mass % 0.0 10.2  10.6  14.4 15.7  18.2  Burning cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 9   9   8 or lessvelocity (WCF) Burning cm/s 10   10   10   10   10   10   velocity(WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerantof HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in aproportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerantcan be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary compositiondiagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf inwhich their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, whencoordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NKconnecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1)point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) andpoint K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, anda WCFF lower flammability.In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, bythe least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, bythe least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E))and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % ormore based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and therefrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) basedon the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,(1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) arefrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficientlylow GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAEstandard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCFlower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the presentdisclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), ithas WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and isdetermined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerantaccording to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with acoefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, thepolymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is furthersuppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerantB according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more ofHFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction ofHFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability isfurther improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) andHFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurepreferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on theentire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 atmass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.Condensation temperature: 45° C.Superheating temperature: 5 KSubcooling temperature: 5 KCompressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, andRecharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammablefraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which werecalculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacityare ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the followingformula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to theANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lowerflammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37 Comparative Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative1 2 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item UnitR410A HFO-1132E 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 HFO-1132E mass % — 100 80 72 70 68 65 6260 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 0 20 28 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP — 2088 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 100 99.7 97.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.495.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.712.89 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 109 9 8 8 or less 8 or less velocity flammable (WCF)

TABLE 38 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Example 10 Item Unit 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 HFO-1123 HFO-1132E mass %50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43 40 25 0 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.954.9 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.1 91.9 90.6 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.6 106.9 107.9 108.0 capacityratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.14 3.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 3.313.39 pressure Leakage test conditions Storage/ Storage/ Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ — (WCFF) Shipping ShippingShipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping −40° C., −40° C.,−40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 92% 92% 92%92% 92% 92% 92% release, release, release, release, release, release,release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquidliquid phase phase phase phase phase phase phase phase side side sideside side side side side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73 72 71 70 67 63 38 —(WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 33 37 62 (WCFF) Burning cm/sec 8or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 orless 5 velocity (WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 8.5 8 or less8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability 2 2 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2Lclassification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having alow GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further,surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having alow GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further,surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a compositioncomprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene(HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane(R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant Caccording to the present disclosure has various properties that aredesirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has acoefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that areequivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0≤a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), andpoint C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I,point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigeratingcapacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratioof 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCFlower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9,−0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), andpoint C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B,point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702,−0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) andpoint W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosuresatisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratioof 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCFlower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as“Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to theASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure furthercontains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, therefrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), andpoint o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc);

if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8,−0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), andpoint o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc); or

if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661,0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), andpoint o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is definedas a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to thatof R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are bothachieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and anapproximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratiorelative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A,and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effectsare not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based onthe entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may compriseHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass %or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on theentire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widelyselected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant,or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and therefrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained.Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of eachmixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratiosrelative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the followingformula.

COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex.4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex. 1 A B C D′ G I J K′HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0 72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.024.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP —2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio % (relative 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.1 96.699.9 93.8 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 85.0 85.0 107.495.0 103.1 86.6 106.2 85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B C D′ G I J K′HFO-1132(E) Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5 47.0 HFO-1123 Mass %0.0 47.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.50.0 32.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 5049 49 49 50 49 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.694.0 99.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0106.5 87.7 108.9 85.5 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 41 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 16 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Ex. 19Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D′ G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass %48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.051.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0 0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.111.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP — 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio %(relative 99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8 99.5 94.2 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 85.0 85.0 112.0 108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex.26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.1 34.3 36.51132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4 0.0 51.2 5.6 1123 R1234yf Mass % 42.747.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP —100 100 99 100 99 100 COP % 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.4 99.5 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 27 Ex. 28 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex.31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.6 32.0 32.51132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2 0.0 49.8 4.0 1123 R1234yf Mass % 44.848.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass % 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP —125 125 124 125 124 125 COP % 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.4 94.7 99.8 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.9 85.2 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 32 Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35 Ex.36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.4 30.3 28.81132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7 0.0 47.8 2.4 1123 R1234yf Mass % 46.649.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP —150 150 149 150 149 150 COP % 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.4 95.1 100.0 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1 112.6 85.1 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 37 Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40Ex. 41 Ex. 42 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.8 41.8 29.124.8 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass %48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5 R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP— 182 182 181 182 181 182 COP % 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.4 95.6 100.4 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8 113.2 85.0 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.0 40.0 28.824.3 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass %49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP— 200 200 198 199 198 200 COP % 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.5 96.1 100.4 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8 113.6 86.7 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 49 Ex. 50 Ex. 51 Ex. 52Ex. 53 Ex. 54 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.7 35.7 29.322.5 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass %51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8 R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP— 250 250 248 249 248 250 COP % 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.6 97.0 100.4 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6 113.9 90.9 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 55 Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO- Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.0 32.0 29.421.1 1132 (E) HFO- Mass % 0.0 3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 1123 R1234yf Mass %52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP— 300 300 298 299 298 299 COP % 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.8 97.8 100.5 ratio(relative to R410A) Refrig- % 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4 113.9 94.9 erating(relative capacity to ratio R410A)

TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 61 Ex. 62 Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex.65 Item Unit A = B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.031.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 GWP — 325 323 324 323 324 COPratio % 102.1 98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %85.0 113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio (relative to R410A)

TABLE 50 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 66 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 92.4 92.6 92.893.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 108.4 108.3108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8 106.3 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 51 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Ex. 17 Ex. 67 Ex. 18 Ex.19 Ex. 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.495.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.8105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1 105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex.28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.010.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 93.9 94.2 94.695.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 104.9 104.5104.1 103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 68 29 30 31 3233 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass %10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 97.493.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 36 37 38 39 6940 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass %15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 96.096.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex.50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.3 95.796.2 96.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 99.2 98.898.3 97.8 97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 70 51 52 53 5455 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass %20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 98.694.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 58 59 60 61 7162 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 97.2 97.7 98.298.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.2 93.692.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex. 69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex.72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.030.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 96.2 96.6 97.097.4 97.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 93.3 92.992.4 91.8 91.2 90.5 89.8 89.1 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex.80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.035.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 95.9 96.2 96.596.9 97.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 91.1 90.990.6 90.2 89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex. 85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex.88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.040.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 99.0 99.4 96.696.9 97.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 87.4 86.788.0 87.8 87.5 87.1 86.6 86.1 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass %40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.937.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.045.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 5050 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.398.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.383.9 83.5 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 62 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 80 81 82 HFO-1132(E)Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.045.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 99.1 99.5 99.9 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A)82.9 82.3 81.7

TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex.96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.05.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative to 93.7 93.994.1 94.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 110.2110.0 109.7 109.3 108.9 108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 97 83 98 99 100101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relativeto 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 106.6 106.0 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6 capacityratio R410A)

TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 104 105 106 84107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1 94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 105.1 104.5 103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5 104.1103.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 111 112 113 114115 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.015.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8 97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 103.3 102.8 102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3 101.8101.6 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 118 119 120 121122 123 124 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.055.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yfMass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.3 98.7 98.0 97.3capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 125 126 127 128 129130 131 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass %25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relativeto R410A) 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7 97.1 97.5 97.9 Refrigerating capacity% (relative to ratio R410A) 98.9 98.6 98.3 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7

TABLE 69 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 133 87 134 135136 137 138 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.035.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass% 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 98.3 98.7 96.2 96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 95.0 94.3 95.8 95.695.2 94.8 94.4 93.8

TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 140 141 142 143 144145 146 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.1 98.5 98.9 96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 93.3 92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.891.3 ratio R410A)

TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 148 149 150 151 152153 154 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.3 98.7 99.1 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 90.8 90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.688.2 ratio R410A)

TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 156157 158 159 160 88 89 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100COP ratio % (relative to 98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.084.5 ratio R410A)

TABLE 73 Comp. Ex. 9 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 192 93 94 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass %25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass% 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 Refrigerating capacity %(relative to ratio R410A) 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8

TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 161 162 163 164 165166 167 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7 95.9 96.2 96.6 Refrigerating capacity %(relative to ratio R410A) 111.5 111.2 110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9108.3

TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 96 169 170 171172 173 174 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.040.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to R410A) 96.9 95.3 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 107.7 108.7 108.5108.1 107.7 107.2 106.7 106.1

TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 176 97 177 178179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.035.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to R410A) 97.0 97.4 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9Refrigerating % (relative to capacity ratio R410A) 105.5 104.9 105.9105.6 105.3 104.8 104.4 103.8

TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 183 184 98 185186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.030.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to R410A) 97.2 97.5 97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 103.3 102.6 102.0103.0 102.7 102.3 101.9 101.4

TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 190 191 192 99193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass% 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.799.4 98.9 ratio R410A)

TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 197 198 199 200100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.020.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 97.6 97.9 98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.896.1 97.0 96.7 96.3

TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 204 205 206 207 208209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 97.8 98.1 98.4 98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.493.8 93.9 93.6 93.3

TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 212 213 214 215 216217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 98.4 98.7 99.0 99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.390.8 90.5 90.2 89.7

TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 220 221 222 223224 225 226 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.010.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass %40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.3 99.6 98.9 99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6Refrigerating capacity % (relative to ratio R410A) 89.3 88.8 87.6 87.387.0 86.6 86.2 84.4

TABLE 83 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 102 103 104 HFO-1132(E)Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1 3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.050.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.8 100.0 100.2 Refrigerating capacity ratio %(relative to R410A) 84.1 83.8 83.4

TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 227 228 229 230231 232 233 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yfMass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 112.2 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7110.2 109.6 109.0 ratio R410A)

TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 234 235 236 237238 239 240 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio% (relative to 96.3 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9107.4 106.8 106.2 ratio R410A)

TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 241 242 243 244245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio% (relative to 96.7 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1104.5 104.0 103.4 ratio R410A)

TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 248 249 250 251252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass% 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2101.6 101.1 100.5 ratio R410A)

TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 255 256 257 258 259260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass %25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to 97.6 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.7 100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.798.2 97.7 ratio R410A)

TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 263 264 265 266 267268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio %(relative to 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 97.4 97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.494.0 ratio R410A)

TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 271 272 273 274 275276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio %(relative to 99.2 99.4 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 93.6 93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.488.1 ratio R410A)

TABLE 91 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 279 280 109 110HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP —200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 100.3 100.4 100.9Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 87.8 85.2 85.0 82.0

TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 281 282 283 284285 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.015.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yfMass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 298 298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 112.5 112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2110.7 109.8 109.5 ratio R410A)

TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 288 289 290 112291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio% (relative to 98.3 98.5 98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0106.7 106.4 106.0 ratio R410A)

TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 295 113 296 297298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.010.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass% 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to 99.0 99.2 99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6103.2 102.8 101.2 ratio R410A)

TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 302 303 304 305 306307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.025.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.895.3 95.1 ratio R410A)

TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP — 299 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 100.7 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 92.3

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratiorelative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point(0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left sideof, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6,0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7,−0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B(0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);

if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and point B(0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B(0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on,

or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more forma curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and thatextends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, oron the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacityratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, astraight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4,−0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9,0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are inthe entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% ormore.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. InFIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C(32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where theCOP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and pointD′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate lineand a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % wasdefined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) wassimilarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting pointC (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where theCOP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and pointD′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Rechargeaccording to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fractionwas defined as WCFF.

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to theANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.Item 6 13 19 24 29 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4% HFO-1123 Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 % R1234yf Mass 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 0 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 % Burning velocity (WCF)cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 98 Item Comp. Ex. 39 Comp. Ex. 45 Comp. Ex. 51 Comp. Ex. 57 Comp.Ex. 62 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 31.530.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.744.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 99 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex.Item 7 14 20 25 30 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.6 45.4% HFO-1123 Mass 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 % R1234yf Mass 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.433.2 32.7 % R32 Mass 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 % Burning velocity(WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 100 Item Comp. Ex. 40 Comp. Ex. 46 Comp. Ex. 52 Comp. Ex. 58 Comp.Ex. 63 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0 0 00 0 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.744.1 47.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.0 30.3(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2 49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leak conditionthat results Storage/ Strorage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ inWCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping −40° C., −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% release,release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquidliquid liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side sideside side WCFF HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.2 50.6 45.1 40.0 (E)HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.020.4 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5 Burning velocitycm/s 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or (WCF) less less less less less lessBurning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41 Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.4 28.9 (E) HFO-1123 Mass %44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass %26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak condition that results Storage/ Strorage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping ShippingShipping −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 92% 92% 90%86% release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid liquidgas gas phase phase phase phase phase side side side side side WCFHFO-1132 Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7 28.3 27.5 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 26.5 23.917.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.9 43.954.8 53.5 55.8 Burning velocity cm/s 8 or 8 or 8.3 9.3 9.6 (WCF) lessless Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 61.7 47.0 41.0 36.5 32.5 28.8(E) HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.741.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leakcondition that results Storage/ Strorage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping−40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% 0% 0% 92% 0% 0%release, release, release, release, release, release, gas gas gas liquidgas gas phase phase phase phase phase phase side side side side sideside WCFF HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 (E) HFO-1123Mass % 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.924.3 25.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity cm/s8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or (WCF) less less less less less lessBurning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42 Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5 21.1 20.4 (E) HFO-1123 Mass %0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass %26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak condition that results Storage/ Strorage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping ShippingShipping −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%release, release, release, release, release, gas gas gas gas gas phasephase phase phase phase side side side side side WCFF HFO-1132 Mass %35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yfMass % 27.4 26.2 23.1 19.8 18.2 R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.1 53.7Burning velocity cm/s 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or 8 or (WCF) less less less lessless Burning velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCFlower flammability in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight lineconnecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a)is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary compositiondiagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on or below a straight line GI that connects point G(0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I(0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7,coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below astraight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727,−0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727,0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) inthe ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI thatconnectspoint G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0) andpoint I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram areon or below a straight line GI that connects point G(0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0) and point I(0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges bycalculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.148.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 28.0 32.033.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 31.5 30.7 27.6 27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.026a² − 0.02a²− 0.0135a² − 0.0111a2 − 0.0061a² − Approximate 1.7478a + 1.6013a +1.4068a + 1.3152a + 0.9918a + expression 72.0 71.105 69.727 68.98663.902 HFO-1123 −0.026a² + −0.02a² + −0.0135a² + −0.0111a2 + −0.0061a² −Approximate 0.7478a + 0.6013a + 0.4068a + 0.3152a + 0.0082a + expression28.0 28.895 30.273 31.014 36.098 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 Approximateexpression

TABLE 106 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.8 52.148.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.531.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.5 21.8 R32 a a a x x HFO-1132(E) 0.026a² − 0.02a²− 0.0135a² − 0.0111a² − 0.0061a² − Approximate 1.7478a + 1.6013a +1.4068a + 1.3152a + 0.9918a + expression 72.0 71.105 69.727 68.98663.902 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.026a² +−0.02a² + −0.0135a² + −0.0111a² + −0.0061a² − Approximate 0.7478a +0.6013a + 0.4068a + 0.3152a + 0.0082a + expression 28.0 28.895 30.27331.014 36.098

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant isdetermined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammabilityclassification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)”in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1,coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below astraight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1,−0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7,−0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2,coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J(0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and pointK′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below astraight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184,−0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515,−0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7,coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J(0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′(−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ thatconnects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line thatconnects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 andextends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates areon or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges bycalculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 47.8 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37 37.0 34.332.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 52.9 52.451.9 51.9 51.2 49.8 49.8 47.8 44.2 44.2 41.9 34.0 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0049a² −0.0243a² − 0.0246a² − 0.0183a² − −0.0134a² + Approximate 0.9645a +1.4161a + 1.4476a + 1.1399a + 1.0956a + expression 47.1 49.725 50.18446.493 7.13 HFO-1123 −0.0049a² − −0.0243a² + −0.0246a² + −0.0183a² +0.0134a² − Approximate 0.0355a + 0.4161a + 0.4476a + 0.1399a + 2.0956a +expression 52.9 50.275 49.816 53.507 92.87 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 Approximateexpression

TABLE 108 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0 41.0 36.532.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 24.8 24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.56.5 5.6 4.0 4.0 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.345.3 46.9 48.5 48.5 46.4 40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x x x x HFO-1132(E)0.0514a² − 0.0341a² − 0.0196a² − −0.0051a² + −1.892a + Approximate2.4353a + 2.1977a + 1.7863a + 0.0929a + 29.443 expression 61.7 61.18758.515 25.95 HFO-1123 −0.0323a² + −0.0236a² + −0.0079a² − 0 0Approximate 0.4122a + 0.34a + 0.1136a + expression 5.9 5.636 8.702R1234yf −0.0191a² + −0.0105a² + −0.0117a² + 0.0051a² − 0.892a +Approximate 1.0231a + 0.8577a + 0.8999a + 1.0929a + 70.557 expression32.4 33.177 32.783 74.05

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass%, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %,respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner accordingto approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and arefrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A isachieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each ofthe following five ranges by calculation, and their approximateexpressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4 48.4 42.837 37 31.5 24.8 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4 37.6 40.5 40.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 48.5 49.451.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0134a² − 0.0112a² −0.0107a² − 0.0103a² − 0.0085a² − Approximate 1.9681a + 1.9337a +1.9142a + 1.9225a + 1.8102a + expression 68.6 68.484 68.305 68.793 67.1HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0134a² +−0.0112a2 + −0.0107a² + −0.0103a² + −0.0085a² + Approximate 0.9681a +0.9337a + 0.9142a + 0.9225a + 0.8102a + expression 31.4 31.516 31.69531.207 32.9

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and arefrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A isachieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of thefollowing five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressionswere obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 36.7 ≥R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 0 7.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.926.7 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 22.9 19.9 11.711.8 3.9 0 R1234yf 41.3 45.1 46.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 50.450.8 51.6 51.5 52.0 52.2 R32 a a a a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 Approximateexpression HFO-1123 0.0144a² − 0.0075a² − 0.009a² − 0.0046a² − 0.0012a²− Approximate 1.6377a + 1.5156a + 1.6045a + 1.41a + 1.1659a + expression58.7 58.199 59.318 57.286 52.95 R1234yf −0.0144a² + −0.0075a² +−0.009a² + −0.0046a² + −0.0012a² + Approximate 0.6377a + 0.5156a +0.6045a + 0.41a + 0.1659a + expression 41.3 41.801 40.682 42.714 47.05

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and aCOP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of thefollowing by calculation, and their approximate expressions wereobtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-112375.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximateexpression HFO-1123 0.0224a² + 0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expressionR1234yf −0.0224a² − 1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COPratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of thefollowing by calculation, and their approximate expressions wereobtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0HF0-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) −0.2304a² −0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.2304a² − 0.5938a + 67.1Approximate expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression

(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e.,a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently lowGWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAEstandard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), andpoint G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), andpoint K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWPof 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), andpoint T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWPof 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), andpoint d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),or on these line segments;

the line segment ac is represented by coordinates(0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y,−0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to theASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), andpoint d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),or on these line segments;

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates(0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y,−0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to theASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), andpoint j (77.5. 18.4, 4.1),or on these line segments;

the line segment gi is represented by coordinates(0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A anda GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such aspolymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), andpoint k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),or on these line segments;

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates(0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A anda GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such aspolymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32,and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are notimpaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, andstill more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entirerefrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limitedto the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using theNIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under theconditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge accordingto the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was definedas WCFF.

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.

TABLE 113 Compar- ative Ex- Ex- Ex- Example Ex- ample Ex- ample Ex-ample 13 ample 12 ample 14 ample 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L WCF HFO-Mass 72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 1132 % (E) R32 Mass 0 10 18.3 27.636.8 44.2 51.7 % R1234 Mass 28 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 yf %Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCF)

TABLE 114 Compar- ative Ex- Example Example ample 14 Example 19 Example21 Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.429.3 27.7 24.6 (E) R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass %47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak condition that results in Storage,Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, WCFF Shipping, Shipping,Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% release, 0% release, 0% release, 0% release, 0%release, 0% release, on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gas on thegas on the gas phase side phase side phase side phase side phase sidephase side WCF HFO-1132 Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 (E) R32Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.230.7 27.0 Burning Velocity cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burning Velocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

TABLE 115 Example 23 Example Example 25 Item Unit O 24 P WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass %40.6 34.6 27.8 Leak condition that results in WCFF Storage, Storage,Storage, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 0%release, on 0% release, on 0% release, on the gas phase the gas phasethe gas phase side side side WCFF HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5 BurningVelocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternarycomposition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connectspoint I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments,the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternarycomposition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments thatconnect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, orbelow these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yfin amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum ofUFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP)ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixedrefrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditionsfor calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 116 Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- ativeEx- ative Ex- ative Ex- ative Ex- ative Ex- ative Ex- ative Ex- ample 2ample 3 ample 4 ample 5 ample 6 ample 7 Item Unit ample 1 A B A′ B′ A″B″ HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32 Mass % 18.418.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0 63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP —2088 125 125 250 250 350 350 COP Ratio % (relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 117 Compar- Compar- ative Ex- Compar- ative Ex- Ex- Ex- ample 8ative Ex- ample 10 Ex- ample 2 Ex- ample 4 Item Unit C ample 9 C′ ample1 R ample 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5 16.6 8.6 R32Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.734.6 37.7 39.2 39.8 GWP — 1 69 125 188 250 300 350 COP Ratio % (relative99.8 99.3 99.3 99.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 118 Compar- Ex- Ex- Compar- Ex- ative Ex- Ex- ample Ex- ampleative Ex- Ex- ample ample 11 ample 6 ample 8 ample 12 ample 10 Item UnitE 5 N 7 U G 9 V HFO-1132(E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9 39.6 22.811.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf Mass %41.7 49.5 54.1 57.5 59.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP — 2 70 125 189 250 3 70 125COP Ratio % (relative 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 toR410A) Refrigerating % (relative 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 119 Comparative Example 13 Example 12 Example 14 Example16 Example17 Item Unit I Example 11 J Example 13 K Example 15 L Q HFO-1132(E) Mass% 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0 28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.3 27.636.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.432.4 GWP — 2 69 125 188 250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.999.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8 100.1 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 120 Comparative Example 14 Example 19 Example 21 Item Unit MExample 18 W Example 20 N Example 22 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.429.3 27.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass %47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP — 2 36 70 100 125 188 COP Ratio %(relative to 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 121 Example 23 Example Example 25 Example 26 Item Unit O 24 P SHFO- Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 1132(E) R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 39.7R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP — 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio %100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 (related to R410A) Refrigerating % 91.0 95.099.1 92.5 Capacity (related Ratio to R410A)

TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Item Unit Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18Example 27 Example 28 Example 19 Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0R1234yf Mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP — 37 37 37 3636 36 35 35 COP Ratio % (relative to 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.899.6 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.585.4 90.1 94.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Item Unit Example 21 Example 22 Example 29 Example 23Example 30 Example 24 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.010.0 10.0 R1234yf Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP —71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative to 103.1 102.1 101.1 100.499.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 61.8 68.3 74.379.7 84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 124 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeItem Unit Example 27 Example 31 Example 28 Example 32 Example 33 Example29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP — 104 104 104103 103 103 103 102 COP Ratio % (relative to 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.099.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 66.6 72.9 78.684.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 Example 33Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass %20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.040.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP — 138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio% (relative to 102.3 101.2 100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 126 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Item Unit Example 34 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 Example 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.040.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.030.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP —171 171 171 170 170 170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 100.199.6 99.2 98.9 98.7 101.6 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 81.086.6 91.7 96.5 101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeItem Unit Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 36 Example37 Example 38 Example 50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.020.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP — 204 204 204204 239 238 238 238 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4100.6 99.9 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 90.2 95.3 100.0104.4 82.5 88.3 93.7 98.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52 Example 53Example 54 Example 39 Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass% 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.040.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.045.0 GWP — 237 237 272 272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.098.8 101.3 100.6 99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relativeto 103.2 107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 129 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeItem Unit Example 40 Example 41 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example42 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.020.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP — 305 305 305304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3100.6 100.0 99.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.9 100.0 104.7109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9 107.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item UnitExample 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 Example 43 Example 44Example 45 Example 46 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.062.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass %35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 GWP — 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22COP Ratio % (relative to 101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.284.6 86.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 131 Item Unit Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 50 Example51 Example 52 Example 53 Example 54 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 49.0 52.0 55.058.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP — 43 43 43 4342 63 63 63 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3100.1 R410A) 99.9 Refrigerating % (relative to 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.880.4 82.0 83.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 132 Item Unit Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 Example 58 Example59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.0 55.0 58.038.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0 33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP — 63 63 63 8383 83 83 83 % (relative to 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1 100.0 99.8 99.7COP Ratio R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.4 82.083.5 85.1 86.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 133 Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65 Example 66 Example67 Example 68 Example 69 Example 70 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 53.0 33.0 36.039.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.015.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP — 83 104104 103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.6 100.5 100.3 100.199.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 88.0 80.3 81.983.5 85.0 86.5 88.0 89.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 134 Item Unit Example 71 Example 72 Example 73 Example 74 Example75 Example 76 Example 77 Example 78 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.0 32.0 35.038.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.03.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP — 124 124124 124 124 123 123 23 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.3 100.1 99.999.8 99.6 99.5 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 80.6 82.2 83.885.4 86.9 88.4 89.9 71.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 135 Item Unit Example 79 Example 80 Example 81 Example 82 Example83 Example 84 Example 85 Example 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.0 30.033.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP — 23 23 43 4343 64 64 63 COP Ratio % (relative to 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6101.3 101.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.971.0 72.8 74.5 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 136 Item Unit Example 87 Example 88 Example 89 Example 90 Example91 Example 92 Example 93 Example 94 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.0 27.030.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.015.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP — 84 8484 84 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio % (relative to 101.8 101.5 101.2 101.0102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 70.8 72.674.3 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 137 Item Unit Example 95 Example 96 Example 97 Example 98 Example99 Example 100 Example 101 Example 102 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.0 12.0 15.018.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.021.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0 GWP — 104124 124 124 124 124 124 144 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 102.2 101.9101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 77.570.5 72.4 74.2 76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 138 Item Unit Example 103 Example 104 Example 105 Example 106Example 107 Example 108 Example 109 Example 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.024.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass % 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 27.030.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0 56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.0 51.0GWP — 164 164 185 185 184 205 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity RatioR410A)

TABLE 139 Item Unit Example 111 Example 112 Example 113 Example 114Example 115 Example 116 Example 117 Example 118 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.09.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.033.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0 55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.0 52.0GWP — 205 225 225 225 225 225 245 245 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6 101.2 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity RatioR410A)

TABLE 140 Item Unit Example 119 Example 120 Example 121 Example 122Example 123 Example 124 Example 125 Example 126 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.018.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.0 28.031.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.0 36.0GWP — 245 245 245 170 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio % (relative to 101.0100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 141 Item Unit Example 127 Example 128 Example 129 Example 130Example 131 Example 132 Example 133 Example 134 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 33.036.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass % 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.0 37.037.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.0 34.0GWP — 231 231 252 251 251 251 272 272 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.8 99.6100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4 100.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0 96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 142 Item Unit Example 135 Example 136 Example 137 Example 138Example 139 Example 140 Example 141 Example 142 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.032.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass % 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.0 43.043.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.0 36.0GWP — 272 271 292 292 292 292 292 312 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.099.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relativeto 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity Ratio R410A)

TABLE 143 Item Unit Example 143 Example 144 Example 145 Example 146Example 147 Example 148 Example 149 Example 150 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.023.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass % 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 49.049.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0GWP — 312 312 312 312 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.5100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity RatioR410A)

TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 26.0 23.0 GWP — 332 332 COP Ratio %(related 100.3 100.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (related 99.8 101.3Capacity to R410A) Ratio

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsIJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsMM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), andpoint G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant Daccording to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratioof 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAElower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), andpoint U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),or on these line segments,

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and

the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or morerelative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsQR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), andpoint K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),or on these line segments,

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lowerflammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsPS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), andpoint T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),or on these line segments,

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and asufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0,−0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), andpoint G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),

the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), andpoint T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure hasASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4

points:point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), andpoint U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentB″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), andpoint a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′and a′);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),

the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), andpoint a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

the line segment cde is represented by coordinates(−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), andpoint a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), andpoint a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

the line segment cd is represented by coordinates(−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are notimpaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in atotal amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % ormore, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant E)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditionsfor equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to theASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined asWCFF.

For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured accordingto the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of theWCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, theflammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lowerflammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burningvelocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10

TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO- mass 47.1 38.5 34.8 31.8 28.728.6 1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8 41.2 34.4 % R32 mass0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 % Leak condition that results in Storage,Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, WCFF Shipping, Shipping,Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, release, release,release, release, release, release, on the liquid on the liquid on theliquid on the on the on the liquid phase side phase side phase sideliquid liquid phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO- mass 72.0 58.951.5 44.6 31.4 27.1 1132(E) % HFO-1123 mass 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.218.3 % R32 mass 0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 % Burning velocity cm/s 8 orless 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less (WCF) Burningvelocity cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCFF)

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram ofa mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sumis 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and apoint (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is onthe left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side,when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL thatconnect the following 3 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), andpoint L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), andthe line segment KL is represented by coordinates(0.0098z²−1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve(x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0,28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using theleast-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00,y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).

Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curvewas determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10(41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-squaremethod to determine coordinates.

The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagramof a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which theirsum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the rightside, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQthat connect the following 3 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), andpoint Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segmentPQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133,−0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).

For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtainedfrom three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-squaremethod to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ,an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U,and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred toas “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 ofthe mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculationwere as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.Condensation temperature: 45° C.Degree of superheating: 5KDegree of subcooling: 5KCompressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A′ B′ A″ B″ HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4 18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP — 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250COP ratio % 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 8 Example 9Comparative Example 1 Example 11 Item Unit O C Example 10 U Example 2 DHFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.031.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass % 0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP — 1125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio % (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 149 Comparative Comparative Example 12 Comparative Example 3Example 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass %53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP — 1 65 97 125 176 COP ratio %(relative to 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relativeto 105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 150 Comparative Comparative Example 15 Example 6 Example 16 ItemUnit G Example 5 R Example 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.90.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.015.8 GWP — 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio % (relative to 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.093.0 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 151 Comparative Example Example Comparative Comparative Example 178 9 Example Example Item Unit I J K 18 19 HFO- mass % 72.0 57.7 48.441.1 35.5 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass %0.0 9.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.695.8 95.9 96.4 97.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.1 107.4110.1 112.1 113.2 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 152 Comparative Example Example Example Example 20 10 11 12 ItemUnit M N P Q HFO- mass % 47.1 38.5 31.8 28.6 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125 250 COPratio % 93.9 94.1 94.7 96.9 (related to R410A) Refrigerating % 106.2109.7 112.0 114.1 capacity (related ratio to R410A)

TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeExample Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 22 23 24 14 15 16 25 26 HFO- mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.070.0 80.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.015.0 R32 mas s% 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 35 35 35 35 35 3535 35 COP ratio % 91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 (relative toR410A) Refrigerating % 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeExample Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 27 28 29 17 18 19 30 31 HFO- mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 35 68 68 68 6868 68 68 COP ratio % 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0 (relativeto R410A) Refrigerating % 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2105.7 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 155 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Example Item Unit 32 20 21 22 23 24 3334 HFO- mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.0 15.0 15.015.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 COP ratio% 98.0 93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1 106.6 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HFO-mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio %98.3 93.9 94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8 107.3 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO-mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP — 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio %(relative 94.6 94.9 95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 to R410A)Refrigerating % 114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 25 26 56 HFO- mass % 20.0 30.0 40.050.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.010.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 R32 mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0GWP — 203 203 203 203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.2 97.996.0 96.3 96.6 % (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 114.2 113.4 112.4111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Example Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Item Unit 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 HFO-mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.040.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio %97.1 97.7 98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8 111.7 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 HFO- mass % 38.0 40.0 42.044.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.061.0 59.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP — 1414 14 14 28 28 28 28 COP ratio % 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.7(relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6 108.4108.2 108.0 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HFO- mass % 43.0 31.0 33.035.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.057.0 55.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP — 2841 41 41 41 41 41 55 COP ratio % 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.9 93.0(relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0 108.8108.6 110.3 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO- mass % 29.0 31.0 33.035.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.055.0 53.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP —55 55 55 55 55 55 116 122 COP ratio % 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.0 94.594.7 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6 109.5109.3 111.8 111.9 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO- mass % 30.0 27.0 21.023.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.042.0 40.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0GWP — 122 210 223 223 223 223 237 237 COP ratio % 94.5 96.0 96.0 96.196.2 96.3 96.0 96.0 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 112.1 113.7114.3 114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 HFO- mass % 15.0 17.0 19.021.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.042.0 40.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0GWP — 237 237 237 237 237 237 237 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.296.2 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2 to R410A) 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2114.1 113.9 115.1 Refrigerating % capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 HFO- mass % 13.0 15.0 17.015.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.048.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP —250 250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP ratio % 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.1 96.296.2 96.3 96.4 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 115.0 114.9 114.7114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 HFO- mass % 25.0 27.0 11.019.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.042.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP— 237 237 250 250 250 250 250 250 COP ratio % 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.5 96.596.6 96.7 96.8 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 114.1 113.9 115.1114.6 114.5 114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and apoint (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) ison the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by linesegments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), andpoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within therange of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), andpoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within therange of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), andpoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), andpoint D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates(−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the linesegment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1,3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).

The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points,i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using theleast-square method.

The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points,i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), andpoint F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates(−0.0547z²-0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segmentTF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931,0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).

The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points,i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points,i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), andpoint H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),or on these line segments,the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segmentRH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06,0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).

The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points,i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points,i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13,15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations ofHFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relativelyhigh; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, orpolymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 16 that illustrates the schematicconfiguration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 17 that is a schematiccontrol block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioningapparatus 1 according to a first embodiment, which is a refrigerationcycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unitand an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 is an apparatus that performs a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle to condition air in a space that is tobe air-conditioned.

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 includes the following components asits main components: an outdoor unit 20; an indoor unit 30; aliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and a gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5 that connect the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit30; a remote controller (not illustrated) serving as an input device andan output device; and a controller 7 that controls operation of theair-conditioning apparatus 1.

In the air-conditioning apparatus 1, a refrigeration cycle is performedin which refrigerant charged in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed,cooled or condensed, decompressed, and then heated or evaporated beforebeing compressed again. In the first embodiment, the refrigerant circuit10 is filled with a refrigerant used for performing a vapor compressionrefrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is a refrigerant containing1,2-difluoroethylene. Any one of the refrigerants A to E mentioned abovecan be used as the refrigerant. Further, the refrigerant circuit 10 isfilled with refrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20

As illustrated in FIG. 18, the exterior of the outdoor unit 20 isdefined by an outdoor housing 50 having a substantially cuboid boxshape. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the internal space of the outdoor unit20 is divided by a partition plate 50 a into left and right portions todefine a fan chamber and a machine chamber.

The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5, and constitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit10. The outdoor unit 20 includes, as its main components, a compressor21, a four-way switching valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger 23, anoutdoor expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side shutoffvalve 29, a gas-side shutoff valve 28, the outdoor housing 50, and anoutdoor electric component unit 8.

The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure refrigerantinto a high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. The compressor 21 usedin the present case is a hermetic compressor with a rotary, scroll, orother type of positive displacement compression element (notillustrated) rotatably driven by a compressor motor. The compressormotor is used to change compressor capacity, and allows control ofoperating frequency by means of an inverter. The compressor 21 isprovided with an attached accumulator (not illustrated) disposed on itssuction side.

The four-way switching valve 22 is capable of switching its connectionstates between a cooling-operation connection state, in which thefour-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of thecompressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23 while connecting thesuction side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28,and a heating-operation connection state, in which the four-wayswitching valve 22 connects the discharge side of the compressor 21 withthe gas-side shutoff valve 28 while connecting the suction side of thecompressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as acondenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycleduring cooling operation, and functions as an evaporator forlow-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heatingoperation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a cross-flow fin-and-tubeheat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins 23 a disposedin the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality ofheat transfer tubes 23 b penetrating and secured to the heat transferfins 23 a.

The outdoor fan 25 generates an air flow for sucking outdoor air intothe outdoor unit 20 for heat exchange with refrigerant in the outdoorheat exchanger 23, and then discharging the resulting air to theoutside. The outdoor fan 25 is rotationally driven by an outdoor-fanmotor. In the first embodiment, only one outdoor fan 25 is provided.

The outdoor expansion valve 24, whose opening degree can be controlled,is located between the liquid-side end portion of the outdoor heatexchanger 23, and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at alocation in the outdoor unit 20 where the outdoor unit 20 connects withthe liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The liquid-side shutoffvalve 29 is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connectionpipe 6. The liquid-side shutoff valve 29, and the liquid-side outlet ofthe outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected by an outdoor liquid-siderefrigerant pipe 29 a. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is disposed at apoint along the outdoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 29 a.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a locationin the outdoor unit 20 where the outdoor unit 20 connects with thegas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The gas-side shutoff valve 28 isflare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. Thegas-side shutoff valve 28, and one of the connection ports of thefour-way switching valve 22 are connected by an outdoor gas-siderefrigerant pipe 28 a.

As illustrated in FIG. 18, the outdoor housing 50 is a box-shaped bodyhaving an air outlet 52 and in which the components of the outdoor unit20 are accommodated. The outdoor housing 50 has a substantially cuboidshape. The outdoor housing 50 is capable of taking in outdoor air fromthe back side and one lateral side (the left side in FIG. 18), andcapable of blowing out air that has passed through the outdoor heatexchanger 23 forward through the air outlet 52 provided on a front face51 of the outdoor housing 50. The lower end portion of the outdoorhousing 50 is covered with a bottom plate 53. As illustrated in FIG. 19,the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed upright on top of the bottomplate 53 so as to extend along the back side and one lateral side. Theupper surface of the bottom plate 53 can serve as a drain pan.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 includes an outdoor-unit controlunit 27 that controls operation of each component constituting theoutdoor unit 20. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed abovethe compressor 21 in a space located inside the outdoor housing 50 ofthe outdoor unit 20 and defining the machine chamber partitioned off bythe partition plate 50 a. The outdoor electric component unit 8 issecured to the partition plate 50 a. The lower end portion of theoutdoor electric component unit 8 is positioned above the liquid-sideshutoff valve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28 with respect to thevertical direction. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is preferablypositioned 10 cm or more above and away from the liquid-side shutoffvalve 29 and the gas-side shutoff valve 28. The outdoor-unit controlunit 27 of the outdoor electric component unit 8 has a microcomputerincluding a CPU, a memory, and other components. The outdoor-unitcontrol unit 27 is connected to an indoor-unit control unit 34 of indoorunit 30 via a communication line to transmit and receive a controlsignal or other information. The outdoor-unit control unit 27 iselectrically connected to various sensors (not illustrated) to receive asignal from each sensor.

(6-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 is installed on, for example, the wall surface of anindoor space that is to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit 30 isconnected to the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side refrigerantconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, andconstitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit 10.

The indoor unit 30 includes components such as an indoor heat exchanger31, an indoor fan 32, an indoor liquid-side connection part 11, anindoor gas-side connection part 13, an indoor housing 54, and an indoorelectric component unit 9.

The liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected with theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, and the gas-side end isconnected with the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. The indoorheat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporatorfor low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during coolingoperation, and functions as a condenser for high-pressure refrigerant inthe refrigeration cycle during heating operation. The indoor heatexchanger 31 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins 31 a disposed inthe thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality ofheat transfer tubes 31 b penetrating and secured to the heat transferfins 31 a.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is a connection part that isprovided in an end portion of an indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12extending from the liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and isflare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6.

The indoor gas-side connection part 13 is a connection part that isprovided in an end portion of an indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14extending from the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and isflare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5.

The indoor fan 32 generates an air flow for sucking indoor air into theindoor housing 54 of the indoor unit 30 for heat exchange withrefrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31, and then discharging theresulting air to the outside. The indoor fan 32 is rotationally drivenby an indoor-fan motor (not illustrated).

As illustrated in FIGS. 20, 21, and 22, the indoor housing 54 is ahousing with a substantially cuboid shape that accommodates the indoorheat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and the indoor-unit control unit34. The indoor housing 54 has, for example, a top face 55 defining theupper end portion of the indoor housing 54, a front panel 56 definingthe front portion of the indoor housing 54, a bottom face 57 definingthe bottom portion of the indoor housing 54, an air outlet 58 a, alouver 58, left and right side faces 59, and a back face facing theindoor wall surface. The top face 55 has a plurality of top air inlets55 a defined in the vertical direction. The front panel 56 is a panelthat extends downward from the vicinity of the front end portion of thetop face 55. The front panel 56 has, in its upper portion, a front airinlet 56 a defined by a laterally elongated opening. Indoor air isadmitted through the top air inlets 55 a and the front air inlet 56 ainto an air passage defined by a space inside the indoor housing 54where the indoor heat exchanger 31 and the indoor fan 32 areaccommodated. The bottom face 57 extends substantially horizontallybelow the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, and othercomponents. The air outlet 58 a is provided at a lower front location ofthe indoor housing 54, below the front panel 56 and at the front side ofthe bottom face 57, such that the air outlet 58 a is directed toward thelower front. A laterally oriented opening is provided at a lowerposition on the right side face 59, near the back side. The indoorliquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part13 are located in the vicinity of the opening.

The indoor electric component unit 9 includes the indoor-unit controlunit 34 that controls operation of each component constituting theindoor unit 30. The indoor electric component unit 9 is secured at anupper position inside the indoor housing 54 of the indoor unit 30 near alateral end portion located rightward of the indoor heat exchanger 31.The lower end portion of the indoor electric component unit 9 ispositioned above the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 and theindoor gas-side connecting part 13 with respect to the verticaldirection. The indoor electric component unit 9 is preferably positioned10 cm or more above and away from the indoor liquid-side connection part11 and the indoor gas-side connecting part 13. The indoor-unit controlunit 34 of the indoor electric component unit 9 has a microcomputerincluding a CPU, a memory, and other components. The indoor-unit controlunit 34 is connected to the outdoor-unit control unit 27 via acommunication line to transmit and receive a control signal or otherinformation. The indoor-unit control unit 34 is electrically connectedto various sensors (not illustrated) disposed inside the indoor unit 30,and receives a signal from each sensor.

(6-3) Details of Controller 7

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1, the outdoor-unit control unit 27and the indoor-unit control unit 34 that are connected via acommunication line constitute the controller 7 that controls operationof the air-conditioning apparatus 1.

The controller 7 includes, as its main components, a central processingunit (CPU), and a ROM, a RAM, or other memories. Various processes andcontrols are implemented by the controller 7 through the integralfunctioning of various components included in the outdoor-unit controlunit 27 and/or the indoor-unit control unit 34.

(6-4) Operating Modes

Operating modes will be described below.

A cooling operation mode and a heating operation mode are provided asoperation modes.

The controller 7 determines, based on an instruction accepted from aremote controller or other devices, whether the operating mode to beexecuted is the cooling operation mode or heating operation mode, andexecutes the operating mode.

(6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode

In cooling operation mode, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 sets thefour-way switching valve 22 to a cooling-operation connection state inwhich the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of thecompressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23 while connecting thesuction side of the compressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28,such that refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit 10 iscirculated mainly through the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger23, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger 31 inthis order.

More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is started,refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 is sucked into and compressedby the compressor 21, and then discharged from the compressor 21.

The capacity of the compressor 21 is controlled in accordance with thecooling load required by the indoor unit 30. Gas refrigerant dischargedfrom the compressor 21 passes through the four-way switching valve 22into the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Upon entering the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, therefrigerant exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with theoutdoor-side air supplied by the outdoor fan 25 and thus condenses intoliquid refrigerant, which then leaves the liquid-side end of the outdoorheat exchanger 23.

After leaving the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, therefrigerant is decompressed when passing through the outdoor expansionvalve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that therefrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predeterminedcondition.

The refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 thenpasses through the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the liquid-siderefrigerant connection pipe 6 into the indoor unit 30.

Upon entering the indoor unit 30, the refrigerant flows into the indoorheat exchanger 31. In the indoor heat exchanger 31, the refrigerantexchanges heat with the indoor air supplied by the indoor fan 32 andthus evaporates into gas refrigerant, which then leaves the gas-side endof the indoor heat exchanger 31. After leaving the gas-side end of theindoor heat exchanger 31, the gas refrigerant flows toward the gas-siderefrigerant connection pipe 5.

After flowing through the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, therefrigerant passes through the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and thefour-way switching valve 22 before being sucked into the compressor 21again.

(6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode

In heating operation mode, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 sets thefour-way switching valve 22 to a heating-operation connection state inwhich the four-way switching valve 22 connects the discharge side of thecompressor 21 with the gas-side shutoff valve 28 while connecting thesuction side of the compressor 21 with the outdoor heat exchanger 23,such that refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit 10 iscirculated mainly through the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger31, the outdoor expansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 inthis order.

More specifically, when the heating operation mode is started,refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 is sucked into and compressedby the compressor 21, and then discharged from the compressor 21.

The capacity of the compressor 21 is controlled in accordance with theheating load required by the indoor unit 30. Gas refrigerant dischargedfrom the compressor 21 flows through the four-way switching valve 22 andthe gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5, and then enters the indoorunit 30.

Upon entering the indoor unit 30, the refrigerant flows into thegas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. In the indoor heatexchanger 31, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the indoor airsupplied by the indoor fan 32 and thus condenses into gas-liquidtwo-phase refrigerant or liquid refrigerant, which then leaves theliquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31. After leaving theliquid-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, the refrigerant flowstoward the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6.

After flowing through the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, therefrigerant is decompressed in the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and theoutdoor expansion valve 24 until its pressure reaches a low pressure inthe refrigeration cycle. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlledsuch that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of theindoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies apredetermined condition. The refrigerant decompressed in the outdoorexpansion valve 24 flows into the liquid-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23.

Upon entering the liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, therefrigerant exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 with theoutdoor air supplied by the outdoor fan 25 and thus evaporates into gasrefrigerant, which then leaves the gas-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23.

After leaving the gas-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23, therefrigerant passes through the four-way switching valve 22 before beingsucked into the compressor 21 again.

(6-5) Characteristic Features of First Embodiment

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 mentioned above uses a refrigerantcontaining 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible to keep the GWPsufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammablerefrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8included in the outdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment ispositioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-sideshutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20 to theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-siderefrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if aflammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected,the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the outdoor electriccomponent unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase thesafety of the outdoor unit 20.

Further, the indoor electric component unit 9 included in the indoorunit 30 according to the first embodiment is positioned above the indoorliquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part13, which respectively connect the indoor unit 30 to the liquid-siderefrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connectionpipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerantleaks from where the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connectedand from where the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, thelikelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the indoor electriccomponent unit 9 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase thesafety of the indoor unit 30.

(6-6) Modification A of First Embodiment

Although the foregoing description of the first embodiment is directedto an example in which the air-conditioning apparatus is provided withonly one indoor unit, the air-conditioning apparatus may be providedwith a plurality of indoor units connected in parallel with each other.

(6-7) Modification B of First Embodiment

The foregoing description is directed to an example in which the indoorunit used as the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment is ofa type installed on, for example, the wall surface of an indoor spacethat is to be air-conditioned.

However, the indoor unit may not necessarily be of a type installed onthe wall surface. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 23, 24, and 25,the indoor unit used may be an indoor unit 30 a of a floor-standing typeplaced on the indoor floor of an air-conditioned space.

The indoor unit 30 a includes, as its main components, an indoor housing110, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan 32, the indoorelectric component unit 9, the indoor liquid-side connection part 11,and the indoor gas-side connection part 13. The indoor heat exchanger 31and the indoor fan 32 are accommodated in the indoor housing 110. Theindoor heat exchanger 31 is disposed in an upper space inside the indoorhousing 110, and the indoor fan 32 is disposed in a lower space insidethe indoor housing 110.

The indoor housing 110 has a cuboid shape bounded by a front panel 111,a right side panel 112, a left side panel 113, a top panel 114, a bottompanel 115, and a back panel 116. The front panel 111 has a right-sideair outlet 117 a located at the upper right as viewed facing the frontpanel 111, a left-side air outlet 117 b located at the upper left asviewed facing the front panel 111, and a lower air outlet 117 c locatedin a lower, laterally central portion of the front panel 111. A verticalflap 151 a is disposed at the right-side air outlet 117 a. The verticalflap 151 a is used to, during non-operation of the indoor unit 30 a,cover the right-side air outlet 117 a to constitute a portion of theindoor housing 110, and used to, during operation of the indoor unit 30a, adjust the lateral direction of the air flow (see the two-dot chainlines) blown out from the right-side air outlet 117 a. Likewise, avertical flap 151 b is disposed at the left-side air outlet 117 b. Thevertical flap 151 b is used to, during non-operation of the indoor unit30 a, cover the left-side air outlet 117 b to constitute a portion ofthe indoor housing 110, and used to, during operation of the indoor unit30 a, adjust the lateral direction of the air flow blown out from theleft-side air outlet 117 b.

The right side panel 112 of the indoor housing 110 has a right-side airinlet 118 a located in a lower portion toward the front. The left sidepanel 113 of the indoor housing 110 has a left-side air inlet 118 b at alower forward location.

The indoor fan 32 is, for example, a sirocco fan provided with a largenumber of blades and whose axis extends in the front-back direction. Theindoor fan 32 is disposed in an internal space S1 partitioned off by apartition plate 119. An internal space S2 is defined forward of theinternal space S1, between the partition plate 119 and the front panel111. An internal space S3 is defined above the internal spaces S1 andS2, with the indoor heat exchanger 31 serving as the boundary.

The indoor heat exchanger 31 is positioned above the indoor fan 32, atthe location of the boundary between the internal space S1 and theinternal space S3. The indoor heat exchanger 31 is disposed in aninclined orientation such that its portion closer to the upper end islocated closer to the back panel 116. The indoor heat exchanger 31 issupported at the lower end by a drain pan 141. The drain pan 141 isdisposed on top of the partition plate 119. The partition plate 119 andthe drain pan 141 serve as the boundary between the internal space S2and the internal space S3. In other words, the internal space S1 isbounded by the right side panel 112, the left side panel 113, the bottompanel 115, the back panel 116, the partition plate 119, the drain pan141, and the indoor heat exchanger 31. The internal space S2 is boundedby the front panel 111, the right side panel 112, the left side panel113, the bottom panel 115, the partition plate 119, and the drain pan141. The internal space S3 is bounded by the right side panel 112, theleft side panel 113, the top panel 114, the indoor heat exchanger 31,the drain pan 141, and the partition plate 119.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is a connection part that isprovided in an end portion of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12extending from the liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and isflare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. Theindoor liquid-side connection part 11 is located at a height positionsimilar to the upper end of the indoor fan 32.

The indoor gas-side connection part 13 is a connection part that isprovided in an end portion of the indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14extending from the gas side of the indoor heat exchanger 31, and isflare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5. Theindoor gas-side connection part 13 is located at a height positionsimilar to the upper end of the indoor fan 32.

The indoor electric component unit 9 is disposed inside the indoorhousing 110, below the indoor heat exchanger 31, above the indoor fan32, and forward of the partition plate 119. The indoor electriccomponent unit 9 is secured to the partition plate 119. The lower endportion of the indoor electric component unit 9 is positioned above theindoor liquid-side connection part 11 and the indoor gas-side connectingpart 13 with respect to the vertical direction.

A duct 120, which extends vertically along the front panel 111, isprovided in the internal space S2. An upper portion of the duct 120extends to reach a position between the right-side air outlet 117 a andthe left-side air outlet 117 b with respect to the vertical direction.The lower end of the duct 120 extends to reach an upper portion of thelower air outlet 117 c.

The vertical flap 151 a is disposed at the right-side air outlet 117 a,and the vertical flap 151 b is disposed at the left-side air outlet 117b. Changing the angle of the vertical flaps 151 a and 151 b with respectto the front panel 111 adjusts the angle at which to guide theconditioned air to be blown out.

Each of the right-side air outlet 117 a and the left-side air outlet 117b is provided with a large number of horizontal flaps 153. Eachhorizontal flap 153 is capable of rotating about its axis to therebychange the direction of blown-out air.

For the above-mentioned indoor electric component unit 9 as well, evenif a flammable refrigerant leaks from where the indoor liquid-sideconnection part 11 is connected and from where the indoor gas-sideconnection part 13 is connected, the likelihood of the leakedrefrigerant reaching the indoor electric component unit 9 is reduced,thus making it possible to increase the safety of the indoor unit 30 a.

(7) Second Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 26 that illustrates the schematicconfiguration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 27 that is a schematiccontrol block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioningapparatus 1 a according to a second embodiment, which is a refrigerationcycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unitand an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following description will mainly focus on differences of theair-conditioning apparatus 1 a according to the second embodiment fromthe air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a as well, the refrigerant circuit10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to Edescribed above that is a refrigerant mixture containing1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled withrefrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20 a

An outdoor unit 20 a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a according tothe second embodiment includes, as the outdoor fan 25, a first outdoorfan 25 a and a second outdoor fan 25 b. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 ofthe outdoor unit 20 a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a is providedwith a large heat exchange area to adapt to the flow of air receivedfrom the first outdoor fan 25 a and the second outdoor fan 25 b.

In the outdoor unit 20 a of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a, insteadof the outdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 according tothe first embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve 44, anintermediate-pressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve45 are disposed in this order between the liquid-side of the outdoorheat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29. The respectiveopening degrees of the first outdoor expansion valve 44 and the secondoutdoor expansion valve 45 can be controlled. The intermediate-pressurereceiver 41 is a container capable of storing refrigerant. An endportion of a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve 44,and an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoor expansionvalve 45 are both located in the internal space of theintermediate-pressure receiver 41.

As illustrated in FIG. 28, the outdoor unit 20 a according to the secondembodiment has a structure (so-called trunk-type structure) in which theinternal space of an outdoor housing 60 having a substantially cuboidbox shape is divided by a vertically extending partition plate 66 intoleft and right portions to define a fan chamber and a machine chamber.

Components such as the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the outdoor fan 25(the first outdoor fan 25 a and the second outdoor fan 25 b) aredisposed in the fan chamber within the outdoor housing 60. Componentssuch as the compressor 21, the four-way switching valve 22, the firstoutdoor expansion valve 44, the second outdoor expansion valve 45, theintermediate-pressure receiver 41, the gas-side shutoff valve 28, theliquid-side shutoff valve 29, and the outdoor electric component unit 8including the outdoor-unit control unit 27 are disposed in the machinechamber within the outdoor housing 60.

The outdoor housing 60 includes, as its main components, a bottom plate63, a top plate 64, a left front plate 61, a left-side plate (notillustrated), a right front plate (not illustrated), a right-side plate65, and the partition plate 66. The bottom plate 63 defines the bottomportion of the outdoor housing 60. The top plate 64 defines the topportion of the outdoor unit 20 a. The left front plate 61 mainly definesthe left front portion of the outdoor housing 60. The left front plate61 has a first air outlet 62 a and a second air outlet 62 b that aredefined in the front-back direction and arranged vertically one abovethe other. Air that passes through the first air outlet 62 a is mainlythe air that has been sucked into the outdoor housing 60 from the backand left sides of the outdoor housing 60 by means of the first outdoorfan 25 a and has passed through an upper portion of the outdoor heatexchanger 23. Air that passes through the second air outlet 62 b ismainly the air that has been sucked into the outdoor housing 60 from theback and left sides of the outdoor housing 60 by means of the secondoutdoor fan 25 b and has passed through a lower portion of the outdoorheat exchanger 23. A fan grill is disposed at each of the first airoutlet 62 a and the second air outlet 62 b. The left-side plate mainlydefines the left side portion of the outdoor housing 60, and can alsoserve as an inlet through which air is sucked into the outdoor housing60. The right front plate mainly defines the right front portion of theoutdoor housing 60 and the forward portion of the right side face of theoutdoor housing 60. The right-side plate 65 mainly defines the rearwardportion of the right side face of the outdoor housing 60, and therightward portion of the back face of the outdoor housing 60. Thepartition plate 66 is a vertically extending plate-shaped memberdisposed on top of the bottom plate 63. The partition plate 66 dividesthe internal space of the outdoor housing 60 into the fan chamber andthe machine chamber.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a cross-flow fin-and-tube heatexchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins disposed in thethickness direction in an overlapping manner, and a plurality of heattransfer tubes penetrating and secured to the heat transfer fins. Theoutdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed inside the fan chamber in anL-shape in plan view so as to extend along the left side face and backface of the outdoor housing 60.

The compressor 21 is placed on top of the bottom plate 63 inside themachine room of the outdoor housing 60, and secured in place with abolt.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 aredisposed inside the machine chamber of the outdoor housing 60, at aheight near the upper end of the compressor 21, in the vicinity of theright front corner.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed in a space inside themachine chamber of the outdoor housing 60 above the compressor 21. Thelower end portion of the outdoor electric component unit 8 is positionedabove both the gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoffvalve 29.

With the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a described above, in coolingoperation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is controlled suchthat, for example, the refrigerant passing through the liquid-sideoutlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling thatsatisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in cooling operation mode,the second outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlled such that, forexample, the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree ofsuperheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

In heating operation mode, the second outdoor expansion valve 45 iscontrolled such that, for example, the refrigerant passing through theliquid-side outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree ofsubcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition. Further, in heatingoperation mode, the first outdoor expansion valve 44 is controlled suchthat, for example, the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has adegree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

(7-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 according to the second embodiment is similar to theindoor unit 30 described above with reference to the first embodiment,and thus will not be described in further detail.

(7-3) Characteristic Features of Second Embodiment

As with the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the firstembodiment, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 a according to the secondembodiment uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thusmaking it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammablerefrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8included in the outdoor unit 20 a according to the second embodiment ispositioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-sideshutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20 a tothe liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-siderefrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if aflammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected,the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor electriccomponent unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase thesafety of the outdoor unit 20 a.

(7-4) Modification A of Second Embodiment

Although the foregoing description of the second embodiment is directedto an example in which the air-conditioning apparatus is provided withonly one indoor unit, the air-conditioning apparatus may be providedwith a plurality of indoor units connected in parallel with each other.

(8) Third Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 29 that illustrates the schematicconfiguration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 30 that is a schematiccontrol block diagram, the following describes an air-conditioningapparatus 1 b according to a third embodiment, which is a refrigerationcycle apparatus including an indoor unit serving as a heat exchange unitand an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following description will mainly focus on differences of theair-conditioning apparatus 1 b according to the third embodiment fromthe air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

For the air-conditioning apparatus 1 b as well, the refrigerant circuit10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to Edescribed above that is a refrigerant mixture containing1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled withrefrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20 b

An outdoor unit 20 b of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 b according tothe third embodiment includes, in addition to the components of theoutdoor unit 20 according to the first embodiment, a low-pressurereceiver 26, a subcooling heat exchanger 47, and a subcooling circuit46.

The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container capable of storingrefrigerant and disposed between one of the connection ports of thefour-way switching valve 22 and the suction side of the compressor 21.In the third embodiment, the low-pressure receiver 26 is providedseparately from an attached accumulator provided to the compressor 21.

The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is disposed between the outdoorexpansion valve 24 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off from a maincircuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the subcooling heatexchanger 47, and extends so as to join a portion of the path from oneof the connection ports of the four-way switching valve 22 to thelow-pressure receiver 26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 is disposed ata point along the subcooling circuit 46 to decompress refrigerantpassing through the subcooling expansion valve 48. The refrigerantflowing in the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressed by the subcoolingexpansion valve 48 exchanges heat in the subcooling heat exchanger 47with the refrigerant flowing in the main circuit. As a result, therefrigerant flowing in the main circuit is further cooled, and therefrigerant flowing in the subcooling circuit 46 evaporates.

A detailed structure of the outdoor unit 20 b of the air-conditioningapparatus 1 b according to the third embodiment will be described belowwith reference to FIG. 31 that is an exterior perspective view, FIG. 32that is an exploded perspective view, FIG. 33 that is a schematic planlayout view, and FIG. 34 that is a schematic front layout view.

The outdoor unit 20 b of the air-conditioning apparatus 1 b has aso-called top-blowing structure in which air is taken into an outdoorhousing 80 from the bottom and air is blown to the outside of theoutdoor housing 80 from the top.

The outdoor housing 80 includes, as its main components, a bottom plate83 placed over a pair of laterally extending installation legs 82 so asto span therebetween, a support 84 that extends vertically from eachcorner of the bottom plate 83, a front panel 81, and a fan module 85.The bottom plate 83 defines the bottom face of the outdoor housing 80,and is divided into a first bottom plate 83 a at the left side and asecond bottom plate 83 b at the right side. The front panel 81 is placedbelow the fan module 85 so as to span between the supports 84 located atthe front side, and defines the front face of the outdoor housing 80.The following components are disposed in a space inside the outdoorhousing 80 below the fan module 85 and above the bottom plate 83: thecompressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the low-pressure receiver26, the four-way switching valve 22, the outdoor expansion valve 24, thesubcooling heat exchanger 47, the subcooling expansion valve 48, thesubcooling circuit 46, the gas-side shutoff valve 28, the liquid-sideshutoff valve 29, and the outdoor electric component unit 8 includingthe outdoor-unit control unit 27. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 has asubstantially U-shape in plan view that faces the back face and bothleft and right side faces of a portion of the outdoor housing 80 belowthe fan module 85. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 substantially definesthe back face and both left and right faces of the outdoor housing 80.The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is disposed on and along the left-side,back-side, and right-side edges of the bottom plate 83. The outdoor heatexchanger 23 according to the third embodiment is a cross-flowfin-and-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer fins23 a disposed in the thickness direction in an overlapping manner, and aplurality of heat transfer tubes 23 b penetrating and secured to theheat transfer fins 23 a.

The fan module 85 is disposed over the outdoor heat exchanger 23, andincludes the outdoor fan 25, a bellmouth (not illustrated), and othercomponents. The outdoor fan 25 is disposed in such an orientation thatits axis extends vertically.

The gas-side shutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 aredisposed in a space inside the outdoor housing 80 below the fan module85, at a height near the upper end of the compressor 21, in the vicinityof the left forward location. The gas-side shutoff valve 28 according tothe third embodiment is connected by brazing to the gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5. The liquid-side shutoff valve 29 according to thethird embodiment is connected by brazing to the liquid-side refrigerantconnection pipe 6.

The outdoor electric component unit 8 is disposed in a space inside theoutdoor housing 80 below the fan module 85, above the compressor 21 andnear the front side. The outdoor electric component unit 8 is secured toa rightward portion of the front panel 81. The lower end portion of theoutdoor electric component unit 8 is positioned above both the gas-sideshutoff valve 28 and the liquid-side shutoff valve 29.

As a result of the above-mentioned structure, the outdoor fan 25produces a flow of air such that air flows into the outdoor housing 80through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 from the surroundings of theoutdoor heat exchanger 23, and is blown out upward through an air outlet86, which is provided at the upper end face of the outdoor housing 80 ina vertically penetrating manner.

(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35

The air-conditioning apparatus 1 b according to the third embodimentincludes, instead of the indoor unit 30 according to the firstembodiment, a first indoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 disposedin parallel with each other.

As with the indoor unit 30 according to the first embodiment, the firstindoor unit 30 includes a first indoor heat exchanger 31, a first indoorfan 32, a first indoor liquid-side connection part 11, a first indoorgas-side connection part 13, and a first indoor electric component unitincluding a first indoor-unit control unit 34. The first indoor unit 30additionally includes a first indoor expansion valve 33. The firstindoor liquid-side connection part 11 is provided in an end portion ofthe first liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 that extends so as to connectthe liquid side of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 with theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The first indoor gas-sideconnection part 13 is provided in an end portion of the first indoorgas-side refrigerant pipe 14 that extends so as to connect the gas sideof the first indoor heat exchanger 31 with the gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5. The first indoor expansion valve 33 is disposed at apoint along the first indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12. Theopening degree of the first indoor expansion valve 33 can be controlled.In this case, as with the first embodiment, the first indoor electriccomponent unit is positioned above the first indoor liquid-sideconnection part 11 and the first indoor gas-side connection part 13.

Likewise, as with the first indoor unit 30, the second indoor unit 35includes a second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan 37, asecond indoor liquid-side connection part 15, a second indoor gas-sideconnection part 17, and a second indoor electric component unitincluding a second indoor-unit control unit 39. The second indoor unit35 additionally includes a second indoor expansion valve 38. The secondindoor liquid-side connection part 15 is provided in an end portion of asecond indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 16 that extends so as toconnect the liquid side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36 with theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6. The second indoor gas-sideconnection part 17 is provided in an end portion of a second indoorgas-side refrigerant pipe 18 that extends so as to connect the gas sideof the second indoor heat exchanger 36 with the gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5. The second indoor expansion valve 38 is disposed at apoint along the second indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 16. Theopening degree of the second indoor expansion valve 38 can becontrolled. In this case as well, the second indoor electric componentunit is positioned above the second indoor liquid-side connection part15 and the second indoor gas-side connection part 17.

The controller 7 according to the third embodiment includes theoutdoor-unit control unit 27, the first indoor-unit control unit 34, andthe second indoor-unit control unit 39 that are connected in a mannerthat allows communication with each other.

With the air-conditioning apparatus 1 b described above, in coolingoperation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such thatthe refrigerant passing through the liquid-side outlet of the outdoorheat exchanger 23 has a degree of subcooling that satisfies apredetermined condition. Further, in cooling operation mode, thesubcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled such that the refrigerantsucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree of superheating thatsatisfies a predetermined condition. In cooling operation mode, thefirst indoor expansion valve 33 and the second indoor expansion valve 38are controlled to be fully open.

In heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 iscontrolled such that the refrigerant passing through the liquid-sideoutlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 31 has a degree of subcoolingthat satisfies a predetermined condition. Likewise, the second indoorexpansion valve 38 is controlled such that the refrigerant passingthrough the liquid-side outlet of the second indoor heat exchanger 36has a degree of subcooling that satisfies a predetermined condition.Further, in heating operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 24 iscontrolled such that the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 hasa degree of superheating that satisfies a predetermined condition. Inheating operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlledsuch that the refrigerant sucked in by the compressor 21 has a degree ofsuperheating that satisfies a predetermined condition.

(8-3) Characteristic Features of Third Embodiment

As with the air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the firstembodiment, the air-conditioning apparatus 1 b according to the thirdembodiment uses a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thusmaking it possible to keep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammablerefrigerant. In this regard, the outdoor electric component unit 8included in the outdoor unit 20 b according to the third embodiment ispositioned above the liquid-side shutoff valve 29 and the gas-sideshutoff valve 28, which respectively connect the outdoor unit 20 b tothe liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-siderefrigerant connection pipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if aflammable refrigerant leaks from where the liquid-side shutoff valve 29is connected and from where the gas-side shutoff valve 28 is connected,the likelihood of the refrigerant reaching the outdoor electriccomponent unit 8 is reduced, thus making it possible to increase thesafety of the outdoor unit 20 b.

For the first indoor electric component unit included in the firstindoor unit 30 according to the third embodiment as well, the firstindoor electric component unit is positioned above the first indoorliquid-side connection part 11 and the first indoor gas-side connectionpart 13. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerantleaks from where the first indoor liquid-side connection part 11 isconnected and from where the first indoor gas-side connection part 13 isconnected, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the firstindoor electric component unit is reduced, thus making it possible toincrease the safety of the first indoor unit 30. Likewise, the secondindoor electric component unit included in the second indoor unit 35according to the third embodiment is also disposed above the secondindoor liquid-side connection part 15 and the second indoor gas-sideconnection part 17. This configuration ensures that even if a flammablerefrigerant leaks from where the second indoor liquid-side connectionpart 15 is connected and from where the second indoor gas-sideconnection part 17 is connected, the likelihood of the leakedrefrigerant reaching the second indoor electric component unit isreduced, thus making it possible to increase the safety of the secondindoor unit 35.

(9) Fourth Embodiment

Now, with reference to FIG. 35 that illustrates the schematicconfiguration of a refrigerant circuit, and FIG. 36 that is a schematiccontrol block diagram, the following describes a cold/hot water supplyapparatus 1 c according to a fourth embodiment, which is a refrigerationcycle apparatus including a cold/hot water supply unit serving as a heatexchange unit and an outdoor unit serving as a heat exchange unit.

The following mainly describes the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1 caccording to the fourth embodiment, while focusing on differences fromthe air-conditioning apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.

The cold/hot water supply apparatus 1 c is an apparatus that obtainscold water or hot water, and supplies the cold water or hot water tofloor heating panels 251, 252, and 253 installed under the indoor floorto thereby cool or heat the indoor floor.

For the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1 c as well, the refrigerantcircuit 10 is filled with, as refrigerant used for performing a vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, any one of the refrigerants A to Edescribed above that is a refrigerant mixture containing1,2-difluoroethylene. The refrigerant circuit 10 is also filled withrefrigerating machine oil together with the refrigerant.

(9-1) Outdoor Unit 20

The outdoor unit 20 of the cold/hot water supply apparatus 1 c issimilar to the outdoor unit 20 described above with reference to thefirst embodiment, and thus will not be described in further detail.

(9-2) Cold/Hot Water Supply Unit 30 b

The cold/hot water supply unit 30 b is used to cool or heat the floorsurface of an indoor space that is to be cooled or heated. The cold/hotwater supply unit 30 b is connected to the outdoor unit 20 via theliquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerantconnection pipe 5, and constitutes a portion of the refrigerant circuit10.

The cold/hot water supply unit 30 b includes components such as a waterheat exchanger 231, a pump 232, a tank 233, the indoor liquid-sideconnection part 11, the indoor gas-side connection part 13, a returnheader 236, an outgoing header 235, an indoor housing 237, and acold/hot-water electric component unit 9 a.

The water heat exchanger 231 causes heat to be exchanged betweenrefrigerant flowing inside the water heat exchanger 231, and waterflowing in a water circuit 210. The liquid-refrigerant side of the waterheat exchanger 231 is flare-connected to the liquid-side refrigerantconnection pipe 6 via the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 and theindoor liquid-side connection part 11, and the gas-refrigerant side isflare-connected to the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5 via theindoor gas-side refrigerant pipe 14 and the indoor gas-side connectionpart 13. During cooling operation, the water heat exchanger 231functions as an evaporator for low-pressure refrigerant in therefrigeration cycle to cool water flowing in the water circuit 210, andduring heating operation, the water heat exchanger 231 functions as acondenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle toheat water flowing in the water circuit 210.

The pump 232 produces a water flow that causes water in the watercircuit 210 to circulate through the return header 236, a water flowpath of the water heat exchanger 231, the tank 233, the outgoing header235, and the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253. The pump 232 isrotationally driven by a motor (not illustrated).

The tank 233 stores cold water or hot water whose temperature has beenadjusted in the water heat exchanger 231.

The outgoing header 235 divides the cold or hot water delivered from thepump 232 into separate streams that flow to respective water circulationpipes 251 a, 252 a, and 253 a of the floor heating panels 251, 252, and253. The outgoing header 235 has a plurality of outgoing connectionparts 235 a each connected to an end portion of the corresponding one ofthe water circulation pipes 251 a, 252 a, and 253 a.

The return header 236 combines the streams of water that have passedthrough the respective water circulation pipes 251 a, 252 a, and 253 aof the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253, and supplies the combinedstream of water to the water heat exchanger 231 again. The return header236 has a plurality of return connection parts 236 a each connected tothe other end of the corresponding one of the water circulation pipes251 a, 252 a, and 253 a.

The cold/hot-water electric component unit 9 a includes acold/hot-water-supply-unit control unit 234 that controls operation ofeach component constituting the cold/hot water supply unit 30 b.Specifically, the cold/hot-water-supply-unit control unit 234 controlsthe flow rate of the pump based on the temperature adjustment load ineach of the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253.

As illustrated in FIG. 37, the indoor housing 237 is a box-shaped bodyin which components such as the water heat exchanger 231 and thecold/hot-water electric component unit 9 a are accommodated.Specifically, the cold/hot-water electric component unit 9 a is disposedin an upper space inside the indoor housing 237. The outgoing connectionparts 235 a of the outgoing header 235, and the return connection parts236 a of the return header 236 are located below the indoor housing 237.Further, the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 and the indoorgas-side refrigerant pipe 14 extend out from below the indoor housing237. The indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is located at the lowerend of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12, and the indoorgas-side connection part 13 is located at the lower end of the indoorgas-side refrigerant pipe 14.

(9-3) Characteristic Features of Fourth Embodiment

The cold/hot water supply apparatus 1 c mentioned above uses arefrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene, thus making it possible tokeep the GWP sufficiently low.

The refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene is a flammablerefrigerant. In this regard, the cold/hot-water electric component unit9 a included in the cold/hot water supply unit 30 b according to thefourth embodiment is positioned above the indoor liquid-side connectionpart 11 and the indoor gas-side connection part 13, which respectivelyconnect the cold/hot water supply unit 30 b to the liquid-siderefrigerant connection pipe 6 and to the gas-side refrigerant connectionpipe 5. This configuration ensures that even if a flammable refrigerantleaks from where the indoor liquid-side connection part 11 is connectedand from where the indoor gas-side connection part 13 is connected, thelikelihood of the leaked refrigerant reaching the cold/hot-waterelectric component unit 9 a is reduced, thus making it possible toincrease the safety of the cold/hot water supply unit 30 b.

(9-4) Modification A of Fourth Embodiment

The fourth embodiment has been described above by way of example of thecold/hot water supply apparatus 1 c in which cold or hot water obtainedthrough heat exchange with refrigerant in the water heat exchanger 231is supplied to the floor heating panels 251, 252, and 253 to therebycool or heat the indoor floor.

Alternatively, as illustrated in FIGS. 38 and 39, hot water may besupplied by using the water heat exchanger 231 in a hot water storageapparatus 1 d, which includes a hot water storage unit 30 c and theoutdoor unit 20 that are connected via the liquid-side refrigerantconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side refrigerant connection pipe 5.

Specifically, a hot water storage housing 327 of the hot water storageunit 30 c accommodates components such as a water heat exchanger 331, apump 332, a hot water storage tank 333, a mixing valve 338, a waterinlet 336, a water outlet 335, and a hot-water-storage electriccomponent unit 9 b. The outdoor unit 20 is similar to, for example, theoutdoor unit 20 according to the fourth embodiment.

As with the water heat exchanger 231 according to the fourth embodimentmentioned above, the water heat exchanger 331 causes heat to beexchanged between refrigerant circulating through the outdoor unit 20,the liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe 6, and the gas-siderefrigerant connection pipe 5, and water circulating through a watercircuit 310 accommodated inside the hot water storage unit 30 c.

The water circuit 310 includes the hot water storage tank 333, a wateroutgoing pipe extending from the lower end of the hot water storage tank333 to the inlet of the water flow path of the water heat exchanger 331and provided with the pump 332, and a water return pipe that connectsthe outlet of the water flow path of the water heat exchanger 331 withthe upper end of the hot water storage tank 333.

City water that has passed through a water inlet pipe via the waterinlet 336 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 333 from the lowerend of the hot water storage tank 333. Hot water obtained in the waterheat exchanger 331 and stored in the hot water storage tank 333 isdelivered from the upper end of the hot water storage tank 333 towardthe water outlet 335 through a water outlet pipe. The water inlet pipeand the water outlet pipe are connected by a bypass pipe. The mixingvalve 338 is disposed at the coupling location between the water outletpipe and the bypass pipe to allow mixing of city water and hot water.

The indoor liquid-side connection part 11, which is provided at thedistal end of the indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe 12 located on theliquid-refrigerant side of the water heat exchanger 331, is positionedbelow the hot water storage housing 327. Likewise, the indoor gas-sideconnection part 13, which is provided at the distal end of the indoorgas-side refrigerant pipe 14 located on the gas-refrigerant side of thewater heat exchanger 331, is positioned below the hot water storagehousing 327.

The hot water storage unit 30 c is provided with the hot-water-storageelectric component unit 9 b including a hot-water-storage-unit controlunit 334 that controls the driving of the pump 332. Thehot-water-storage electric component unit 9 b is installed in an upperspace inside the hot water storage housing 327, and located above theindoor gas-side connection part 13 and the indoor liquid-side connectionpart 11.

For the above-mentioned hot water storage unit 30 c as well, thehot-water-storage electric component unit 9 b is positioned above theindoor gas-side connection part 13 and the indoor liquid-side connectionpart 11. This configuration ensures that even if refrigerant leaks fromthe indoor liquid-side connection part 11 or the indoor gas-sideconnection part 13, the likelihood of the leaked refrigerant reachingthe hot-water-storage electric component unit 9 b is reduced, thusmaking it possible to increase the safety of the hot water storage unit30 c.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been describedabove, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made totheir forms and details without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure as defined in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1, 1 a, 1 b air-conditioning apparatus (refrigeration cycle    apparatus)-   1 c cold/hot water supply apparatus (refrigeration cycle apparatus)-   1 d hot water storage apparatus (refrigeration cycle apparatus)-   5 gas-side refrigerant connection pipe (connection pipe)-   6 liquid-side refrigerant connection pipe (connection pipe)-   8 outdoor electric component unit (electric component unit)-   9 indoor electric component unit (electric component unit)-   9 a cold/hot-water electric component unit (electric component unit)-   9 b hot-water-storage electric component unit (electric component    unit)-   10 refrigerant circuit-   11 indoor liquid-side connection part, first indoor liquid-side    connection part (pipe connection part)-   12 indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe, first indoor liquid-side    refrigerant pipe-   13 indoor gas-side connection part, first indoor gas-side connection    part (pipe connection part)-   14 indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe, first indoor gas-side    refrigerant pipe-   15 second indoor liquid-side connection part (pipe connection part)-   16 second indoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe-   17 second indoor gas-side connection part (pipe connection part)-   18 second indoor gas-side refrigerant pipe-   20, 20 a, 20 b outdoor unit (heat exchange unit, heat source-side    unit)-   21 compressor-   23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat exchanger)-   24 outdoor expansion valve-   28 gas-side shutoff valve (pipe connection part)-   28 a outdoor gas-side refrigerant pipe-   29 liquid-side shutoff valve (pipe connection part)-   29 a outdoor liquid-side refrigerant pipe-   30, 30 a indoor unit, first indoor unit (heat exchange unit,    service-side unit)-   30 b cold/hot water supply unit (heat exchange unit, service-side    unit)-   30 c hot water storage unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)-   31 indoor heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger (heat    exchanger)-   35 second indoor unit (heat exchange unit, service-side unit)-   36 second indoor heat exchanger (heat exchanger)-   44 first outdoor expansion valve-   45 second outdoor expansion valve-   50 outdoor housing (housing)-   54 indoor housing (housing)-   60 outdoor housing (housing)-   80 outdoor housing (housing)-   110 indoor housing (housing)-   231 water heat exchanger (heat exchanger)-   237 indoor housing (housing)-   327 hot water storage housing (housing)-   331 water heat exchanger (heat exchanger)

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL 1: International Publication No. 2015/141678

1. A heat exchange unit that constitutes a portion of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat exchange unit being one of a service-side unitand a heat source-side unit that are connected to each other via aconnection pipe, the heat exchange unit comprising: a housing; a heatexchanger disposed inside the housing and in which a refrigerant flows;a pipe connection part connected to the connection pipe; and an electriccomponent unit disposed inside the housing, wherein the refrigerant is aflammable refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, andwherein when the heat exchange unit is in its installed state, a lowerend of the electric component unit is positioned above the pipeconnection part.
 2. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene(R1234yf).
 3. The heat exchange unit according to claim 2, wherein whenthe mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OAthat connect the following 7 points: point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4,19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and pointO (100.0, 0.0, 0.0), or on the above line segments (excluding the pointson the line segments BD, CO, and OA); the line segment AA′ isrepresented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497,−0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A′B is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the linesegment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4,−0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C′C is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), andthe line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.
 4. The heatexchange unit according to claim 2, wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerantis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CG that connect thefollowing 8 points: point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0), point I (72.0, 0.0,28.0), point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5,10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or on the above line segments(excluding the points on the line segments IA, BD, and CG); the linesegment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497,−0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A′B is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the linesegment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4,−0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C′C is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), andthe line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.
 5. The heatexchange unit according to claim 2, wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerantis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connectthe following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0,2.2), point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1), point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3), point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4,19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or onthe above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BDand CJ); the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43), the line segment NKis represented by coordinates (x, 0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91,−0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91), the line segment KA′ is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), theline segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment DC′ isrepresented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4,−0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C′C is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), andthe line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.
 6. The heatexchange unit according to claim 2, wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerantis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connectthe following 9 points: point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P (55.8, 42.0,2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point D (0.0, 80.4,19.6), point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), or onthe above line segments (excluding the points on the line segments BDand CJ); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43) the line segment MA′is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497,−0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A′B is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the linesegment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4,−0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6), the line segment C′C is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), andthe line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.
 7. The heatexchange unit according to claim 2, wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerantis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TP that connect thefollowing 7 points: point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9,5.0), point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B(0.0, 58.7, 41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9,19.3), or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment BF); the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43), the line segment MA′is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497,−0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), the line segment A′B is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the linesegment FT is represented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8,−0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), the line segment TP is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475),and the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.
 8. The heat exchangeunit according to claim 2, wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2), point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0), point Q (62.8,29.6, 7.6), and point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9), or on the above linesegments; the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43), the line segment RPis represented by coordinates (x, 0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525,−0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and the line segments LQ and QR are straightlines.
 9. The heat exchange unit according to claim 2, wherein when themass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum in therefrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS thatconnect the following 6 points: point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1), point M(60.3, 6.2, 33.5), point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4), point B (0.0, 58.7,41.3), point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3), or onthe above line segments, the line segment MA′ is represented bycoordinates (x, 0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503), theline segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3), the line segment FT isrepresented by coordinates (x, 0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8,−0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), the line segment TS is represented bycoordinates (x, −0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), andthe line segments SM and BF are straight lines.
 10. The heat exchangeunit according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and trifluoroethylene(HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entirerefrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
 11. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), and trifluoroethylene(HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entirerefrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire refrigerant.
 12. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane (R32),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 basedon their sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z,and a, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagramin which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points: point G(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0), point I(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0), point A(0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4), point B (0.0,0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3), point D′ (0.0,0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and point C(−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straightlines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B,point D′, and point C); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in theternary composition diagram are within the range of a figure surroundedby straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5points: point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895), point A(0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516), point B (0.0,0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G,point I, point A, point B, and point W); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of afigure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connectthe following 5 points: point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727,−0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0), point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0,−0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273), point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0,−0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695), point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318,−0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on thestraight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B,and point W); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternarycomposition diagram are within the range of a figure surrounded bystraight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5points: point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014,0.0), point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207), pointB (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and point W(0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding pointG, point I, point A, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a≤46.7,coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are within therange of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA, AB, BW, and WGthat connect the following 5 points: point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902,−0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0), point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,−0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098), point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,−0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95,−0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on thestraight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A, point B,and point W).
 13. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, z, and a, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % are within therange of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BD′, D′C, andCJ that connect the following 5 points: point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1,−0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0), point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7,−0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4), point B (0.0,0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3), point D′ (0.0,0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and point C(−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0), or on the straightlines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B, point D′, and pointC); if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary compositiondiagram are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight linesJK′, K′B, BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J(0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0), point K′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177), point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199,−0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on thestraight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram arewithin the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B, BW,and WJ that connect the following 4 points: point J(0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0), point K′(0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702,−0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783), point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318,−0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on thestraight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, and point W); if26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram arewithin the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB,BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points: point J(0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0), point K′(−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05), point A(0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207), point B (0.0,0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and point W (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0), or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excludingpoint J, point B, and point W); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z)in the ternary composition diagram are within the range of a figuresurrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A, AB, BW, and WJ that connect thefollowing 5 points: point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13,0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0), point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0,0.892a+70.557), point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0,−0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9), point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95,−0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0), or on thestraight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B, and pointW).
 14. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect thefollowing 4 points: point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3,33.2), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or onthese line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI; theline segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y,−0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented bycoordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and theline segments JN and EI are straight lines.
 15. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0,60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment GM); the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates(0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4); the line segment M′N isrepresented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y,−0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02); the line segment VG is represented bycoordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and theline segments NV and GM are straight lines.
 16. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8,40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or onthese line segments; the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488); the line segmentNU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y,−0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and the line segment UO is a straight line.17. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerantcomprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane(R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when themass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in therefrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connectthe following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8,37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and pointK (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments; the line segment QR isrepresented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y,−0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); theline segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488,y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented bycoordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); andthe line segment TL is a straight line.
 18. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points: pointP (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6,51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments; the line segment PS isrepresented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y,−0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); andthe line segment TP is a straight line.
 19. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′,B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6 points: point I (72.0,28.0, 0.0), point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegments B′H and GI); the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment HRis represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06,0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented bycoordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and theline segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.
 20. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG,and GI that connect the following 4 points: point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment GI); the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z), the line segment RG isrepresented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5,0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are straightlines.
 21. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein whenthe mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in therefrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM thatconnect the following 6 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0), point P(31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), point H (0.0, 84.2,15.8), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0), or onthese line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′H andGM); the line segment MP is represented by coordinates(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), the line segment HR isrepresented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06,0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z), the line segment RG is represented bycoordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and theline segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.
 22. The heat exchange unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123),and difluoromethane (R32), wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG,and GM that connect the following 4 points: point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5), point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and point G (38.5,61.5, 0.0), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment GM); the line segment MN is represented by coordinates(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), the line segment RG isrepresented by coordinates (−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5,0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segments JR and GI are straightlines.
 23. The heat exchange unit according to claim 1, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32), wherein whenthe mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum in therefrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points: point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), point S (25.4, 56.2,18.4), and point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), or on these line segments; theline segment ST is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931,0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z), the line segment TP is represented bycoordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and theline segment PS is a straight line.
 24. The heat exchange unit accordingto claim 1, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene(HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect thefollowing 4 points: point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0), point B″ (0.0, 63.0,37.0), point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), or onthese line segments (excluding the points on the line segment B″D); theline segment DU is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1,3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z), the line segment UQ is represented bycoordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), andthe line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.